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镁合金锌系复合磷化膜成膜机理、微观结构及性能的研究
Investigation on Film Formation Mechanism, Microstructure and Performances of Complex Zinc Phosphate Coatings of Magnesium Alloy
【作者】 牛丽媛;
【导师】 江中浩;
【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 , 材料学, 2006, 博士
【摘要】 目前国内外镁合金磷化的研究存在的共性问题是:1、只限于工艺和性能的研究而未对膜层组分进行详尽分析;2、有些关于成膜机理的研究,由于没有准确地确定复合磷化膜的化学组成,所以无法确定成膜过程中发生的化学反应,也就不能准确的掌握成膜过程的本质;3、目前研究获得的镁合金的磷化膜的显微组织都较粗大,而且膜层内部有裂纹。或者膜层没有完全覆盖镁合金基体表面。基于上述背景,本项目工作的研究工作包括:制备出了的结晶有序的、致密、无裂纹、完整的锌系磷化膜。磷化膜由磷酸盐和20-30nm单质锌微粒组成。研究了镁合金复合磷化膜的表面形貌和相组成。研究了镁合金磷化膜的初始沉积机制,通过在基础磷化液中引入缓蚀剂、去极化剂等改变磷化膜的沉积位置,提高磷化晶核的成核率。这些添加剂中含有活性基团,可吸附在镁合金表面,不但使阳极区有较大部分“封锁”,而且使封锁的区域变为微阴极区,使得阴阳极面积比增大,故成膜速度加快,溶解速度降低。同时也使膜层更加均匀、致密。在大量试验的基础上提出了镁合金磷化的“化学-电化学”联合成膜机理。提出了纳米锌微粒的形成机理。得出了镁合金磷化的化学和电化学反应式和磷化反应模型。该理论可以指导制备新的镁合金复合磷化膜。研究了成膜参数(添加剂成分、成膜温度及pH值等)对磷化膜性能的影响,得出了镁合金磷化的最佳工艺参数。磷化液pH值在2.15-2.5范围内可得到致密均匀的磷化膜。磷化液中复合促进剂的协同作用使磷化成膜时间从55分钟降低到4-5分钟。研究了钼酸盐在低碳钢磷化、铸铁磷化和镁合金磷化中的作用。在不同的溶液体系中,钼酸盐对金属或合金的作用机理也不同。钼酸钠与磷酸盐复配对金属材料有协同缓蚀作用。在AZ91D镁合金表面上制备了均匀细致的灰色钼酸盐复合磷化膜。结果表明,磷化液中钼酸钠的加入增加了磷化膜中单质锌的含量,并使磷化膜组织更加细致而且无裂纹。当磷化液中的钼酸钠含量为1.5g/L时,磷化膜的结晶最致密,单质锌的
【Abstract】 Chromate conversion coating was usually performed on magnesium alloy substrates for preventing from corrosion. In consideration of the environment friendly technology, zinc phosphate coating should be one promising method for magnesium alloys anticorrosion and pretreatment process before paint, tends to replace chromate treatment where the environment polluted hexad chromium was involved.Zinc phosphate coatings have been successfully used to underneath the paint of steel and aluminum for many years because they can enhance the adhesion of the paint and substrates. Phosphatization of magnesium alloy is rather difficult in comparison with the traditional phosphatization of steel and aluminum because of high electrochemically activity of magnesium. In the acid phosphating bath resolving rate of magnesium must be restrained in order to obtain dense and high quality phosphate coating. Although the growing interests in magnesium alloys, there are only limited studies about phosphate treatments on the surface of magnesium alloy.Han et al. obtained a phosphate film of Mn3(PO4)2 on AZ31D magnesium alloy in a bath containing phosphate and manganese in 2003. Phosphate films were gained from phosphate-permanganate bath, which have micro cracks,similar microstructure to chromate conversion. A zinc phosphate (Zn3(PO4)2.4H2O)
【Key words】 Magnesium alloy; Complex phosphate coating; Nanocrystal zinc; Corrosion resistance;