【作者】 钱锋；

【导师】 伍江；

【作者基本信息】 同济大学 ， 建筑历史与理论， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 近代中国建筑在西方国家的影响下,经历了“传统营建体系向现代建筑工业体系的转变”。在这一转变过程中,建筑院校教育体制作为新体系的一部分,伴随着现代建筑制度的建立而逐渐形成。 中国院校建筑教育体制建立的1920年代,西方现代建筑运动已经开始风起云涌,并且直接或者间接地在各个国家产生影响。在此背景下1920年代至1952年之间,现代建筑理念也通过各种途径,逐渐影响到中国的建筑界及建筑教育领域。虽然中国早期建筑教育体制的创立者大多具有西方学院式教育背景,这使得近代中国早期建筑教育一直具有深厚的学院式思想基础,但是随着西方现代建筑思想的兴起和传播,中国一些建筑院校在设计思想和教学模式等方面都逐步出现了向现代建筑理念的转变。 1952年之后,极端意识形态和政治思想影响控制下的教育理念、以及相关统一实施的教学模式对中国现代建筑教育发展产生了极大的冲击和阻碍。在这种环境氛围中,教学中的现代建筑思想一直处于受压制的状态,只是间或在局部区域和领域艰难地发展。这种现象一直延续到1970年代末期。 本文论述了中国建筑院校教育体制产生和发展的历史,阐明了其中现代建筑理念及其相应教学模式的实验探索历程,梳理了现代建筑教育在中国形成的脉络,并剖析了各种历史现象背后经济、政治、社会等方面的深层原因。论文主体研究时段为1920年代至1970年代末期,文中第四章和第五章对这一时段的现代建筑教育发展状况进行了详细论述。论文第二章、第三章介绍了中国院校建筑教育产生背景和西方建筑教育渊源;尾声部分则对1980年代初期现代建筑教育延续发展作了简要概述,这些扩展时段的研究和论述使论文主体部分可以处于宏观的背景中,更有机地与整体历史发展研究相连贯,以便于研究者对该时段特征的全面理解和把握。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the influence of the West in the twentieth century, Chinese architecture experienced a transition from the traditional building by hand to industrialized building system. In this transitional process, along with the formation of the modernized building industry, the architectural education gradually became an integral part of the new building industry in that era.The Chinese collegiate architectural system was established between the 20’s and 30’s. During this period, the modern movement in the West had already become very popular. The western influence reached other nations either directly or indirectly. Under these circumstances, Chinese builders, concurrent with architectural academics, were progressively influenced by the concept of modern architecture via various avenues starting from the 1920’s until1952. Although the founding members of Chinese architectural institutions had the background of western academia (primarily Beaux-arts) - the Chinese academics of the early years had profound knowledge of western ideology and foundation - their own ideology and teaching methods began to develop during this period.After 1952, the extreme political ideology began to dominate China’s education scene. Architectural education was attacked;progress was severed. During those years, the teaching of modern architecture was, in general, depressed. It was sporadically developed and taught with overwhelming obstacles. This unfortunate trend continued till the end of 1970 when the educators regained some freedom.This thesis is written in an analytical fashion. The author’s intention is to illustrate the evolutionary process in higher educational institution of architecture and the thoughts in modern architecture in architectural schools in China. The author focuses on the period of the early 1920s to the late 1970s: these discussions are included in the 4th and 5th chapters. The 2nd and 3rd chapters are about the background of the establishment of architectural schools in China and the source of influence of western architectural education. The epilogue elucidates the restorations of the Chinese architectural schools and the teaching of modern architecture in the early 1980s.更多还原