【作者】 刘勇；

【导师】 王仲谷； 耿毓修；

【作者基本信息】 同济大学 ， 城市规划， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 旧住宅区的更新改造一直是城市规划领域关注的一个重要问题,并且关于旧住宅区更新改造的研究与所处的社会发展背景紧密相关。进入21世纪,一方面我国政治、经济以及社会发展背景都发生了很大的变化,政治上提出“创建和谐社会”、经济上提出“实现全面小康”、法律上提出“完善土地征用制度、健全社会保障制度”等一系列措施,这些变化体现了对人、特别是弱势群体的关怀以及注重社会均衡发展的未来趋势;另一方面,在旧住宅区的更新改造方面,出现了以上海市旧小区“平改坡”综合改造为代表的具有鲜明特色的旧住宅区更新改造活动。可以说,这种更新改造活动是社会发展背景以及政策方向变化在方式、手段上的一种体现,也体现了对城市中居住在旧住宅区当中广大居民的一种关怀。 既然是对人的关怀,那么居民对改造的评价就显得特别重要,因为居民是旧住宅区的使用者,是旧住宅区更新改造的受益者,他们最有发言权。因此本文研究的主要问题着眼于三点:首先检验上海市正在进行的旧小区“平改坡”综合改造在多大程度上体现了居民的意愿;其次找出影响旧住宅区更新改造当中影响居民意愿实现的因素;最后探讨如何改进当前的综合改造方式使得居民的意愿得到更加充分有效的表达。 论文首先对上海市旧住宅区更新改造的历史进行了简要的总结,指出上海市旧住宅区的改造规模在逐年加大、改造的内容已经开始从粗放型向细致型转变、改造方式从主要以大拆大建模式向综合的改造方式发展、政府的角色因为社会发展背景的变化有一个变化的过程、居民的角色向着受益者的角色回归。当前正在进行的上海市旧小区“平改坡”综合改造是上海市旧住宅区更新改造的转型的标志。 其次,论文通过实证研究的方式,初步检验了居民对旧小区“平改坡”综合改造的评价。论文在上海市2004年完成的38个旧小区“平改坡”综合改造试点小区当中选取6个作为研究对象,委托上海社科院社会调查队按照分层随机抽样的方式直接入户调查,共发放问卷600份。经过初步的统计分析发现旧住区居民的想法和需求与改造规划解决的问题产生一定偏差。 再次,论文通过实证研究和理论研究相结合的方式,找出影响居民意愿的因素。一方面论文通过进一步的数据分析和实证研究发现有三方面因素影响居民意愿。第一,更新改造的过程影响居民意愿的实现,居民对综合改造的有限了解、无法介入到过程中去、缺乏实质性的参与影响了居民对改造方式的认同、居住满意度的提高并影响居民的出资积极性,概括的说而当前更新改造活动还不能够有效的将居民融入到过程当中,在客观上影响了居民意愿的实现。第二,当前制度、政策的缺位影响居民意愿的实现。规范的缺失、标准的模糊以及相关配套政策的缺失在客观上阻碍了更新改造的进一步拓展,也在一定程度上阻碍了技术手段的发挥,而且技术手段方面本身出现的不够细致的问题以及体现出的偏向美观的倾向同样阻碍了居民意愿的实现。第三,基层管理机构不够完善影响居民意愿的实现。传统的基层管理组织(如居委会)所处的困境、新兴的居民自治组织(如业主委员会)所表现出的萌芽状态使得它们无法有效的组织居民进行参与、代表居民进行意愿表达,使得居民意愿传达的途径更多还原

【Abstract】 The old residential district renewal is always an essential issue in urban planning, and the research about the old residential district is always linked with its social development background. In 21st century, on one hand, our politics, economy and social background has changed greatly, some policies has put forward, which embodies the cares for the human, especially for the vulnerable group, and the focuses on the social balanced development. On the other hand, there appears new ways on old residential renewal, while the "Pinggaipo" Synthesis Renewal for Old Residential District in Shanghai is a representation. So, it is an embodiment of both the changing of social development background and the policy direction, and it also shows the care of the inhabitants living in the old residential district.Because of the care for the inhabitants, the evaluation for the renewal of the inhabitants becomes very important. As the inhabitants are both the user of the old residential district and the beneficiary of the renewal, they do have the right to evaluate it. So the main issue of the dissertation is aimed at three aspect: firstly to check which degree the renewal has embodied the aspiration of the inhabitants;secondly to find out the facts affecting the achievements of the inhabitants’ aspiration during the renewal;thirdly to discuss how to improve the renewal so as to have the inhabitants’ aspiration expressed fully and effectively.Firstly, the dissertation makes a summarization of the history of shanghai old residential district renewal, pointing out that the scale of the renewal is expanding year after year, the contents has changed from rough type to subtle type, the ways is stepping forward from simply pulling down to synthetic renewal. Due to the changing of social development background, the role of government has a changing produce. The role of the inhabitants is coming back to beneficiary again. The "Pinggaipo" Synthesis Renewal for Old Residential District in Shanghai has become a transferal sign of the residential district renewal.Secondly, the dissertation validates the inhabitants’ aspiration preparatory by the ways of questionnaire investigation, which is submitted to social investigator of SASS, choosing 6 cases in the complements of 2004. It is found that there appears some windage between inhabitants’ aspiration and the solution of the renewal.Thirdly, through the combination of case study and theory study, the dissertation has found out the fact that affects the inhabitants’ aspiration. On one hand, through in-depth data analysis and case study, the dissertation has found that there are three facts that affect the inhabitants’ aspiration. As for the inhabitants, their limited knowing about the renewal, failure to taking apart in the course, lacking of substantial participation have an effect on the agreement of the way of renewal, the improvement of residential satisfaction, and the positivity of investment. In general, the renewal is not effectively enough to involve the inhabitant into the course. It has an influence on theachievement of the inhabitants’ aspiration objectively. Secondly, the shortage of institution and policy affects the achievement of the inhabitants’ aspiration. The crite shortage, standard vagueness, and lack of relevent policy had hampered the renewal effect, and the exertion of technique. The rough issue qppears in the means of techniques itself and the trends to the beauty also hindered the achievement of the inhabitants’ aspiration. Thirdly, the inadequate consummation of the fundamental management institution is also an effect. The difficulties of the traditional fundamental management organization and the budding institution of new inhabitants atonomy organization made them uneffectively to organize the inhabitants to participate the renewal. On the other hand, through theory analysis and background study, it has concluded three essential aspects which affects the inhabitants’ aspiration. Firstly, the influence comes from urban planning area. The society is transforming, while the urban planning is not. Means cann’t meets its objective. Secondly, the influence comes from social transformation. China is now experring an period from "strong country, weak society" to "strong country, strong society". The not fully-consumation of fundamental managemental managing organazation has an effect on the interaction between the country will and the individual will. The inhabitants’ aspiration can not be fed back and corrected effectively through the fundamental managemental managing organazation. Thirdly, the influence comes from the urban development background. The figue of the city is a way to strengthen the competion power of the city, while the inhabitants is otherwiae. In the next step, this paper makes an analysis of the facts which affect the development of the old residential district, including the developing trends of the living space ,the directing theory, the changing trends towards ways of renewal, the public participation and the community construction. Meanwhile, it finds out the developing potential of old residential district and the needs of inhabitants through theoritical and case study. Finally, some solutions is put forward.更多还原