从逻辑思辩到哲学架构

【作者】 王兴国；

【导师】 方克立；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 中国哲学， 2000， 博士

【摘要】 二十世纪中国哲学的主题是哲学地重建中国哲学。这一主题正是牟宗三哲学的主题。牟宗三在从逻辑思辩到哲学架构的思想进路中展开了这一主题,实现了他对中国哲学的重建,把中国哲学的现代化与世界化推向了一个前所未有的高峰,标志着中国哲学在当代的一次巨大的自我转型。本文第一次全面系统深入地考察了中国当代著名大哲学家、当代新儒学的最重要的代表人物之一牟宗三(1908—1995)从逻辑思辩到哲学架构的思想进路,逻辑与历史地彰显出这一进路:从前逻辑起点到逻辑起点,从逻辑我到超越的逻辑我到形上的超越的真我的历程与具体环节。文章对牟宗三的逻辑,知识论与形上学思想及其内在关联的脉络作了深刻入理地分析,既有同情与客观地了解,也有平实与超越地批评,在牟学研究中初次对牟宗三哲学给予前后贯通地研究与把握,揭示出牟宗三哲学思辩与实践合一,逻辑构造与直觉构造齐下,构造原则与轨约原则并重,批判分解与辩证综合谐一,中西融通,仁智双彰,逻辑学,认识论与形上学(道德的形上学)统一,知识世界(真),道德世界(善),美学世界(美)同一,通而为一“即真即善即美”的圆成境界的特征。文章还对牟宗三与中国哲学的现代化关系问题进行深入论述,充分地肯定了:在从逻辑思辩到哲学架构的思维进路中展开与完成的牟宗三哲学,对中国哲学的现代化与世界化的巨大贡献,及其在哲学上的重要价值; 同时探讨了牟宗三哲学与中国哲学所面临的难题; 关注与展望形上学在未来的命运。更多还原

【Abstract】 The theme of the 20th Chinese philosophy is the philosophical rebuilding of Chinese philosophy and so is Mou Zongsan/ Mou Tsung-san’s philosophy. During the thinking approach to his philosophic constitution from his logical speculation, Mou Zongsan makes an all-sided discussion in terms of the theme and has attained his rebuilding of Chinese philosophy and pushed the modernization and cosmopolitanization of Chinese philosophy to an unprecedented height. Mou Zongsan together with his philosophy is a sign of self-change of Chinese philosophic form at the present age. For the first time this dissertation systematically makes a deep research of the approach of Mou Zongsan (1908~1995), one of the famous philosophers in contemporary China and one of the most important representatives of contemporary Neo-Confucianism, to his philosophic system from his logical speculation, and makes unfolded before our eyes the approach in the unity of logic and history, including the transitions from pre-starting-point of logic to starting point, the course and the concrete links from logical ego to ultra-logical ego and still to metaphysical, ultra-real ego. The paper reasonably makes a deep analysis of Mou Zongsan’s logic, his theory of knowledge and his metaphysics, and furthermore, the inherently related sequence of ideas among them, based on not only sympathetic and impersonal understanding but also fair, practical and non-prejudiced criticism, which is the first study and grasp of Mou Zongsan’s philosophy thoroughly through the whole from beginning to end. It opens out such features as the harmony of philosophic speculation and practice, the simultaneous performance of logical constitution and intuitive constitution, the equal attention to constitutive principle and regulative principle, the unity of critic analysis and dialectic synthesis, the fusion and understanding of both Chinese and western philosophies, the praise of both benevolence/ren(仁) and wisdom, the integration of logic, the epistemology and metaphysics (ethical metaphysics), the identity of knowledge world (truth), ethical world (good) and aesthetic world (beauty), the realm of completion and accomplishment ——in which “there exists truth, good or beauty” and everything merges into an organic whole. The paper also makes a thorough discussion of the relation between Mou Zongsan and the modernization of Chinese traditional philosophy, giving a fully affirmative evaluation to Mou Zongsan’s philosophy which has developed and attained its accomplishment during his thinking approach to his philosophical constitution and system from logical speculation, as far as its great contribution to the modernization and cosmopolitanization of Chinese philosophy and its important value in philosophy are concerned. At the same time, the paper goes into the puzzles facing both Mou Zongsan’s philosophy and Chinese philosophy, and follows with interest and prospect the future metaphysical fate.更多还原