【作者】 沈凯；

【导师】 陆继东；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 热能工程， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 伴随着城市化进程的加快,城市固体废弃物的数量急剧增加而且产生周期不断缩短,我国城市正面临着固体废弃物处理的巨大压力。目前,固体废弃物焚烧处理技术作为一种无害化、减量化、资源化处理的新技术在我国已经得到了日益广泛的应用。在固体废弃物焚烧处理的过程中如何实现稳定的燃烧对于废弃物的有效处理和二次污染物排放的有效控制及所产热能的有效利用至关重要,但由于固体废弃物的来源不可预知性和焚烧过程的物理化学过程的复杂性,使其成为一个非常复杂的问题,正引起各国研究者的广泛重视。本文针对中国废弃物来源和技术发展现状,从燃烧过程控制的角度出发,对改善固体废弃物焚烧过程的稳定性进行研究。在这方面目前我国相关的研究还比较缺乏。本论文首先概述了目前国内用于固体废弃物焚烧处理的主要技术方法,对不同处理方法的优势及存在的问题进行了分析与评价。在对焚烧技术深入分析的基础上,结合应用较广泛的运动炉排焚烧炉,提出了固体废弃物焚烧过程控制的研究思路,在理论研究和现场试验的基础上进行了系统而深入的研究工作。本文主要从以下几个方面开展研究: 对目前固体废弃物焚烧处理过程中常用的控制策略进行了介绍,同时对目前国内外研究者在固体废物燃烧过程控制方面的研究成果进行了深入分析。并对作者前期的研究工作和应用情况进行介绍。接着对固体废弃物焚烧过程的机理进行分析,在此基础上,得到影响炉温稳定的主要因素。结合前期研究采用的基本模糊控制方法,提出了固体废弃物焚烧自适应控制策略,对自适应控制策略算法进行了详细的阐述。并结合系统仿真和现场试验对控制策略进行优化。对新建立的焚烧自适应控制策略与原有的常规控制策略进行了仿真对比和现场试验对比。对前期研究获得的基于基本模糊控制方法的控制策略与焚烧自适应控制策略的应用结果和仿真结果也进行了对比研究,结果表明焚烧自适应控制策略对系统控更多还原

【Abstract】 As a result both of the accelerating paces of technological development and of the rapidly increasing number of municipal solid waste (MSW) and ever shorter creating period, the cities of China are facing the great pressure of MSW. At present, incineration technique of MSW has been widely used as a new technique of decrement and resource. In the incineration of MSW, how to stabilize the burning process is a complex problem and has been laid store by researchers all over the world. In this paper, the research effort is focused on the auto control process of incineration system. Whereas, any attempt on basal research is not made in our country up to the present. Firstly, the existing and leading technologies used for the incineration treatment of MSW have been introduced. The advantages and shortages of each technology are also analyzed and evaluated. Based on the grate furnace technology, an incineration control strategy has been proposed. The feasibility of this strategy has been demonstrated under theoretical and experimental research. For this purpose, this study has been processed as the following aspects. In this thesis, the traditional strategies of incineration control have been introduced and the latest researches of the incineration control have been identified and assessed. The earlier research and the practice of the author have also been introduced. In order to get the proper control parameters, the incineration mechanics of MSW has been analyzed. With the classical fuzzy control method and the earlier research results, the adaptive control strategy of MSW has been created and this strategy algorithm has been formulated in detail. Based on the system simulation and experiment, this strategy has also been optimized and the optimized results show that the effect has been improved. In this thesis, the adaptive control strategy is compared with the routine control strategy by the simulation and field experiment. And the adaptive control strategy is also compared with the classical fuzzy control strategy of the earlier research. All the results of the simulation and experiment can prove that the adaptive control strategy is one kind of effectual method for the incineration process and the performance parameters of control system are also improved clearly. At present, in the incineration process of MSW, the heating values (HV) change widely and are difficult to measure. In order to add the HV information to the control process, an HV monitoring model has been built. The structure and the algorithm of this model have been formulated. Using the operating data, the model is optimized and the experiment results show that the model can reflect the integral tendency of HV. Moreover, the common HV models are analyzed roundly and the model built in this thesis is compared with the common models. The model built in this thesis is improved in application field, real-time identification, degree of accuracy and sampling method. The application foreground of the new model is also analyzed and how to apply this model to the control system is the priority research area of this discussion. Finally, general summary and conclusion of the thesis as well as further development direction about research of adaptive control strategy of incineration process and HV monitoring model are presented, and the context of on-going work is determined.更多还原