【作者】 杨军；

【导师】 唐家祥； 李黎；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 结构工程， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 消能减振技术的实施方法是把结构物的某些非承重构件设计成消能元件,或在结构物的某些部位装设阻尼器。在强风或强震作用下,这些消能元件或阻尼器首先进入非弹性状态,产生较大的阻尼,大量耗散能量,使主体结构的动力反应减小,有效地减轻结构的变形和损伤。性能优良的阻尼器及理论方法是消能减震技术得以顺利实施的关键。本文总结了近年来国内外学者在消能减震方面的研究成果,研究了铅挤压阻尼器及相关减震理论,具体研究了以下几个方面的内容: 研制了铅挤压阻尼器,阐述了铅挤压阻尼器的构造、组成。分别用解析法和有限元法研究了铅挤压阻尼器的计算方法。介绍了铅挤压阻尼器的试验加载系统,设计了试验加载方案,采用不同控制振幅和控制频率相组合的方式对铅挤压阻尼器进行了详细地试验研究。根据试验测得的数据,计算了不同频率、振幅条件下阻尼器的阻尼比和刚度,分析了频率、振幅对阻尼器参数的影响,得到了铅挤压阻尼器的滞回模型,对比分析了试验研究与理论研究的结果。阐述了铅挤压阻尼器在结构中的安装方式,提出了铅挤压阻尼器与支撑串联时的滞回模型,研究了该滞回模型参数的计算公式; 研究了将铅挤压阻尼装置等效成阻尼比和刚度系数的方法,建立了消能装置的通用等效计算公式; 采用Bouc-Wen 模型将存在折点的滞变模型转化成连续模型; 对比分析了等效模型与精确模型的计算结果。介绍了剪力墙结构的构造特点,分析了剪力墙的力学性能及其在抗震设计中的作用,研究了剪力墙在强震中的振动反应及可能出现的破坏形态。总结了剪力墙结构减震的研究现状,分析了各种减震方法的优势和缺陷。提出了沿竖向开缝、设刚性牛腿,并沿竖向布置阻尼器的新方法。阐述了剪力墙结构的计算理论,分析了竖向阻尼减震剪力墙的受力、变形特征,建立了计算模型,提出了计算方法,推导了竖向阻尼减震体系的运动方程,该方程考虑了楼层水平运动和转动的藕合作用。为对竖向阻尼减震体系的消能效果进行分析,采用离散方法,建立了体系的相对能量平衡方程,推导了各能量项的计算公式。运用算例对竖向阻尼体系在地震激励下的反应进行了计算分析,列举了各楼层的水平位移反应、楼层转角反应、最大水平位移、最大转角位移等,并与未设阻尼器的原结构进行对比分析,沿竖向设置阻尼器可大幅减少结构的各项地震反应; 运用文中建立的公式对结构的地震输入能量和阻尼器消耗的能量进行了分析,结果显示,在竖向减震体系中,阻尼器消耗了绝大部分的地震能量。更多还原

【Abstract】 The technology of energy dissipation could be put in practice by designing some non-bearing elements of the structures as energy dissipating devices, or setting up dampers in the sensitive deformation positions of structures. Under strong wind or severe earthquake, the energy dissipating devices or dampers would enter the non-elastic state firstly, produce damping forces, dissipate large amount of energy, and reduce the dynamic response of the main structures. The successful implementation of the technology of energy dissipation depends on the excellent dampers and proper theory. In this paper the study results on energy dissipation in recent years are investigated and summarized, and the lead extrusion damper(LED) and the theory of energy dissipation are studied. The contents studied in this paper are as follows: The lead extrusion dampers are developed, and the composition of the LED is introduced. The analytical method and the finite element method are used to calculate the LED. The experiment system of LED is introduced, and the experiment scheme is designed. The experiment study is carried out detailed according to different combinations of vibration amplitudes and frequencies. Based on the data obtained in the experiment, the damping ratio and the stiffness of the LEDs are calculated corresponding to different frequencies and vibration amplitudes. The influence of the frequencies and vibration amplitudes on the parameters of the LED is studied, and the hysteretic behavior of the LED is analyzed. The results of the experiment study are compared with that of the theory analysis. The installation method of the lead extrusion damper in the structures is introduced, and the hysteretic model is presented when the LED and the brace are set up in series. The calculating formulae of this hysteretic model are analyzed. The equivalent damping ratio and stiffness coefficient of the LED device are studied, and the general equivalent formula of energy dissipation devices is established. In order to change the hysteretic model with break into continuous model, the method of Bouc-Wen is used. The result of calculating by equivalent model is compared with that by precise model. The construction characteristics of shear wall structures are introduced, and the mechanics performance and the seismic function of shear walls are analyzed. The vibration responses and the probable failure patterns of shear walls in severe earthquake are studied. The study results on seismic reduction of shear walls are investigated. The advantages and disadvantage of different methods of seismic reduction are analyzed. A new method of opening vertical slot and setting up dampers vertically is proposed. The computation theory of shear wall structures is introduced. The behavior of the shear wall structures with vertical installed dampers(VID) is analyzed. The calculation model of such structures is established and the computing method proposed. Meanwhile, the dynamic equations of structures with VIDs are deduced. The equations take into account the coupling action of the horizontal movement and the floor rotation. By discrete method, the relative energy equilibrium equation is established and each item in the equation is submitted, then the effect of energy dissipation of the structure with VIDs is evaluated. An example structure with VIDs is presented. The responses of the structure excited by ground motion are calculated. The responses of the lateral displacement, the floor rotation, the maximum lateral displacement, and the maximum rotational displacement are plotted or listed, and compared with the responses of the original structure. The VIDs could reduce the responses of the structure significantly. The input seismic energy and the damper-consumed energy are analyzed by the formulae proposed in the paper. The result shows that the dampers consume the earthquake energy mostly. The arrangement and the number of dampers in each floor would influence the vibration response largely. If the arrangement of dampers is rational, the better outcome of vibration reduction would be achieved, although the total number of dampers is less. Four performance indexes which depend on the maximum inter-floor displacement and the maximum floor acceleration are presented. The genetic algorithm is used to progress optimization computation, and the total number and the position of dampers are computed. The control effect of optimization is compared with that of non-optimization. Finally, the work in this paper is summarized and some conclusions about the study are drawn, besides, the future research problems are indicated.更多还原