【作者】 张过；

【导师】 李德仁； 袁修孝；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 摄影测量与遥感， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 遥感对地观测是人类获取地球空间信息的重要手段之一,在国民经济和国防建设中发挥了重要的作用。从遥感影像中提取地球空间信息,需要把遥感影像投影在某一固定的参照系统中并修正原始影像所存在的几何变形(通常称之为影像几何纠正),以便进行影像信息的几何量测、相互比较和复合分析。如何将遥感影像精确地投影到规定的参照系统中、准确消除原始影像所存在的几何变形是遥感影像处理和应用的一项关键技术。长期以来,对卫星遥感影像的几何纠正主要是根据控制点采用多项式拟合的方法,该方法需要提供足够数量的分布均匀的地面控制点。然而,在沙漠、海洋、边境、境外等地区,由于地面特征不明显、人员无法到达或者需要实时定位,地面控制点的获取往往比较困难甚至根本不可能。为此,研究缺少控制点的影像几何纠正就成为一项紧迫的任务。再者,国内的卫星地面预处理系统一直依靠进口,为了获得较好的处理结果,不得不将卫星系统的一些核心参数提供给国外专家,这给国家安全带来了隐患,而且地面预处理系统中算法设计的关键在于卫星影像的系统级几何纠正,即无控制点的纠正技术。因此,针对国产遥感卫星研究缺少地面控制点的影像纠正技术,对我国卫星地面预处理系统的国产化具有极为重要的现实意义。 本文系统研究了缺少控制点条件下卫星遥感影像几何纠正的理论和方法,主要研究内容和创新性成果如下: 遥感影像几何纠正的关键在于数学模型的研究。本文在系统分析前人研究成果的基础上,从影像坐标系统到地面坐标系统严密的变换关系、轨道模型的建立、姿态模型的建立、卫星跟踪数据的利用等几个方面入手,构建了单线阵推扫式卫星遥感影像严格成像几何模型。 严格几何模型是建立在理想状态下的构像模型,但是由于CCD安装工艺、卫星的发射、姿态测量设备等原因均会导致CCD并不是按照理想的设计严格安装在本体坐标系统中,不可能保证本体的Z轴垂直于CCD平面、CCD线阵严格平行于本体的X轴,这就需要对遥感影像很好地校正以上误差。本文在分析偏置角对卫星遥感影像对地目标定位影响公式的基础上,改进了基于偏置矩阵的卫星遥感影像系统误差补偿方法。 通过对卫星力学因素的分析,建立了适合于遥感卫星的轨道参数外推实用模型;通过对姿态运动模型的分析,建立了以姿态稳定度替代姿态变化率的姿态精化算法:在分析卫星扫描侧视角稳定状态的基础上,提出了扫描侧视角修正方法。从而形成了完整的卫星遥感外推对地目标定位模型。 研究了根据严格成像模型求解RPC参数的方法,提出了顾及全球DEM、无需初值的RPC模型参数解求方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Earth observation by satellites is the important method of acquisitioning the spatial information on terrestrial space, and is producing important result on national economic construction and national defense construction. For geometrical measuring, reciprocal comparison, image compound analysis and etc., the remote sensing images always need to be expressed at a certain projection reference system and eliminate geometric distortion of imagery.How to project remote sensing images onto a certain reference system and keep geometrical position, shape, dimension and orientation of objects unchanged, namely geometrical rectification of remote sensing images, is an essential process in remote sensing image’s processing and application. From of old, the main method of geometrical rectification of satellite images is polynomial fitting that depends on the amount and well distribution of ground control points (GCPs). But acquisition of GCPs in distressed area such as desert, ocean, borders, oversea, and so on is difficult or even impossible. So research on rectification of remote sensing image under lack of GCPs is becoming an urgent task. Furthermore, the IPS (image processing system) of the domestic satellite relies on importation. In order to get good results, we have no choice but provide foreign experts with core parameter of satellite. It brings hidden danger to national security. The key to IPS is systematic geometrical rectification, namely geometrical rectification without GCPs, so research on rectification of remote sensing image under lack of GCPs aim at the domestic satellite is live on development our IPS.This paper focuses on the theory and method of rectification of remote sensing image under lack of GCPs. Its idea can be expressed as the following:The study on mathematical model is the key of the rectification of remote sensing image. After delving into the pay-off on geometrical rectification, this paper set up rigorous sensor model of high resolution remote sensing image which considers the rigorous transformation between image coordinate and the project coordinate and the establishment of orbit model and attitude.The rigorous sensor model is the ideal sensor model which does not consider the error about the CCD installation. This paper modifies the computational method of set over matrix which can be used to redress the bias error based on the analyzing theoretical precision of remote sensing image.According to the orbital dynamical model and the kinematics model of satellite attitude and the side look angle stability, mis paper developed the extrapolative location model.Studying on the computational method of the RPC parameters based on rigorous sensor model, the algorithm computing the RPC parameters which take global DEM in consider and does not need init parameter is bung up.Studying on the GCP measure, this paper modifies the hill climbing method in order to assure the best matching of GCP image and uses elliptic paraboloid fitting to improve GCP matching precision.Based on the study of the algorithms, the pilot system on rectification of remote sensing image under lack of GCPs is developed, which can be used to rectify the SPOT-5 image, QUICKBIRD image, IKONOS image and CBERS2 image under lack of GCPs, and to locate CBERS2 image without any GCPs by extrapolative location model.更多还原