【作者】 徐志红；

【导师】 边馥苓；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 摄影测量与遥感， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 获取对地理现象的空间、时间及属性的完整描述信息,实现时空数据的统一存储、管理,并按不同需求提取,完成时序、空间和时空等多种分析,发展具有时空数据集成能力的时空数据建模技术已成为当前GIS领域的一个重要研究方向。在对时空数据的应用特点以及现有时空数据模型的研究成果进行广泛调查和深入分析的基础上,本文从地理认知、事件语义的角度提出了时空数据建模的概念模型、逻辑模型和物理模型,就模型中时空信息的表示、时空拓扑的表达、时空信息的记载以及时空信息的检索和应用等方面进行了较为系统的研究,主要的研究成果如下: 论文对发展时空数据模型的现实性、时空地理信息系统的应用背景进行了论述,对时空数据建模的研究与发展现状进行了综述,并对所介绍的各种模型的特点和存在的问题进行了评述,提出当今时空数据建模中存在的主要问题。 为了描述人们对时空信息的语义感知,论文对地理认知进行了追溯,对地理学者、心理学家、哲学家、神经学者、语言学家等对地理认知的研究进行了简单回顾,引入了对“什么”、“哪”和“时间”的认知,并介绍了人类对空间知识获取的过程。在此基础上,从哲学和认知学的两种观点——时间序列的时间观与数量尺度的时间观的角度,介绍了时空语义,提出了基于语义进行时空数据建模的思路。 论文分析了空间和时间这两种运动物质存在的基本形式、研究了地理实体的三个基本特征——空间、时间和属性,提出对时间语义进行分割,从引起世间万事万物变化的源泉——事件语义的角度对时空数据建模的想法。论文分析了描述事件变化的各个方面,即对象状态的改变、空间位置的改变、对象属性的改变以及对象的演变等等,从地理实体量变和质变的角度,提出了<对象、时间、地点、事件、属性(专题)>五元组的描述方式,并详细对各个元组及其关系进行了描述。 论文在总结分析已有两类表达时空信息的方法——用时间标记时空对象表示时空信息的方法和用事件和过程表示时空信息的方法的基础上,汲取更多还原

【Abstract】 It has become an important research direction to develop spatio-temporal modeling technology, to get the whole description information about the space, time and attributes of the geographic phenomenon, to realize the storage, management and utilization of spatio-temporal data, to complete the analysis of time series, space and spaio-temporal relationship. Based on the broad investigation and deep analysis to the character of spatio-temporal data and fruit of former research, the author provides the concept model, logic model and physical model of spatio-temporal information modeling from the perspective of geographical cognition and event semantics, makes systemic study on the expression, the record and the utilization of spatio-temporal information and spatio-temporal relationship, the main fruits of the study are described as follows: The author makes discussion on practical meaning to develop spatio-temporal data model and the background of the utilization of spatio-temporal geographic information system, makes summarization on the status of former research and development about the spatio-temporal data model, and makes remark on the characters and the problems of various models, provides the main problem about spatio-temporal modeling at present.In order to describe of semantic cognition about spatio-temporal information, the author casts back the geographic cognition, makes retrospect on the research on geographic cognition of geographer, psychologist, philosopher, neurologist and linguist, introduces the cognition about what, where and when and the procedure of getting the spatio-temporal knowledge. Based on the above description, from the two perspectives of temporal view of philosophy andcognition science----time series and time scale, the author introduces the conceptof spatio-temporal semantics, brings forwards the idea of spatio-temporal modeling based on event semantics.The author analyzes space and time these two basic existence form of substance, studies space, time and attribute these three basic characters of geographic entity, provides the idea to divide time semantics into event semantics, to build spatio-temporal model based on event semantics. The author analyzesevery aspects relating with event, such as object status change, space location change, object attributes change and object change etc., provides saptio-temporal description way using <object, time, space, event and attribute> five-domain, and gives detail description about each component of it.The author summarizes the two former ways to express spatio-temporal information, namely the way to express spatio-temporal information with time tag and the way to express with event and procedure, gets the pith of these two ways, provides the logical model based on event semantics, and defines the model, class and object with UML, makes time class, space class, event class, attribute class and relationship class using object-oriented technology. The author also gives preliminary study on changes accord with function relationship and the class about it is provided in the paper.The author expatiates on spatio-temporal topology relationship which satisfied with mutually exclusive and complete cover in space, defines the rules of spatio-temporal changes, expounds the mechanism of recording and dynamic building of these changes driven by event, the problems of restoring and analyzing spatio-temporal relationship are solved by the model.The author also expounds the storage of long-dated and short-dated spatio-temporal information. Combined with present storage way, the author provides improved way for short-dated information storage, namely the dynamic multi-index ground-amend way. The way is flexible, it makes a balance between speed and capacity, the key is the switch-point between speed and capacity. For long-dated information storage, based on the analysis of three-period policy provided by Professor Tang, the author provides part-frequency strategy according to change frequency. According to continuance of change, defines those related more with present as current age, those related less as middle age and those related lest as old age.The permission and security of history in the model are also analyzed in the paper, which provide ways to access and resume history according to permission, thus makes legal history data safe.Operations on these spatio-temporal data using five-domain component, such as union, minus, Descartes product* join and projection are also provided in the paper. The utilization of spatio-temporal information such as query, statistics andanalysis can be easily done using the combination of these basic operations.The cadastral information system is taken as example in the paper. Based on the expandable relation DBMS, the cadastral spatio-temporal model is build using the principle described above, time table, space table, event table, attribute table and relationship table are set up here, the program about query on time, location, attribute, event and trace about one parcel or entire area are provided. Finally a real example system—Wenzhou cadastral information system are provided in the paper, and the results of functions related with spatio-temporal data such as trace of range, reappearance of history, query, statistics and analyze about history are showed in the paper.The theory of spatio-temporal modeling is further enriched by the model provided in the paper, which makes a welcome step in spatio-temporal modeling, provides a new direction for further research on spato-temporal modeling. But spatio-temporal modeling is still a challenging project, is still in the stage of theory improvement and method practice, more study and practice are still needed to realize it.更多还原