【作者】 陈振民；

【导师】 褚君达；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 低浓度城市污水在低温下厌氧处理是目前学术界和应用领域研究的热点,取得了许多研究成果。本文在总结分析他人研究成果的基础上,通过对现有厌氧反应器的流态和生态等方面的理论分析研究,研究出一种新型厌氧反应器,在自然低温下利用人工配水对不同高经比、不同水力停留时间等方面进行试验研究,确定出最佳处理效果的构型和相关参数。针对确定出的最佳构型反应器进行提高甲烷量和城市原污水试验研究,以达到环境效益和经济效益双赢的目标。 将水动力学原理运用于上流式厌氧反应器流态方面的研究,验证了上流式厌氧反应器以最小污泥颗粒沉速进水,反应器的混合程度高、污泥量和污泥活性大;厌氧反应器横截面为圆形时流体雷诺数高于方形和矩形。为上流式厌氧反应器进水速度的确定和反应器截面形状的选择提供了科学依据。 对厌氧微生物及其降解有机污染物机理进行了分析研究。厌氧微生物降解污染物分三阶段进行——酸化、乙酸化、甲烷化,分别由酸化菌、产乙酸菌、产甲烷菌来完成;三反应器串联体积小、经培养可实现生物相分离,相分离后处理效果好。 根据上述研究结果,研究出了三柱式厌氧反应器(Three Anaerobic Cylinder Reactor—TACR)。 对研究出的TACR进行了多个不同高径比、多个不同水力停留时间等方面的对比性优化试验研究,确定出了TACR最佳处理效果的构型和相关参数。与其它同类型厌氧反应器相比,TACR具有混合程度高、处理效果好、结构合理、构造简单等特点。 为提高TACR的甲烷产生量,对分阶段多相分离处理工艺的微生物特征及其产物特征进行了分析研究,研究结果表明:在污水厌氧处理过程中产氢量和产氢速度低于耗氢量和耗氢速度,而分阶段多相分离反应器前部酸化作用产生的含氢量较高的消化气又过早地被排出反应器。为此提出将反应器前部消化气、消化气加氢引流到甲烷化作用较强的后部反应器内,来提高甲烷量。经试验两种方法都能更多还原

【Abstract】 The low temperature anaerobic treatment of urban sewage is a focus in academic circles and applied field. And many achievements have been obtained. A new anaerobic reactor is designed by theoretical analysis of typical anaerobic reactors on hydraulics and ecology. The best ratio of height to diameter and running parameters of reactor have been tested using artificial sewage. Next the raising methane yield and treated urban sewage of reactor is studied to obtain best environmental and economical benefit.It have been studied The up-flow anaerobic reactor hydraulic characteristics by hydraulics. The results test and verify that the up flow anaerobic reactor of influent at least sludge granulated subside velocity has better mix degree, more sludge and higher sludge activity. And the reactor of round cross section has higher Reynolds number （Re） than other. The conclusion has been the foundation of choosing influent velocity and cross section shape of up flow anaerobic reactor.It have been studied the anaerobic microbe and its mechanism of digested organic pollutants. The results show that the course of anaerobic microbe digested organic matter has been divided into three stages-acidification, production-acetic acid and production-methane. The three series reactor can separate different microbes and has small volume and good treated effect. Three Anaerobic Cylinder Reactor （TACR） has been designed according to above studies.In order to find out the best structure and relevant parameters of TACR many ratios of height to diameter and HRTs （many Hydraulic Retention Times） have been tested. The results show that TACR is a better reactor than others in treatment effect, structure, construction, volume and so on.In order to raise methane yield of TACR it have been studied that microbes and outcomes of the staged multi-phase anaerobic treatment of sewage. The results have showed that most productive methane bacteria can habit H₂ and CO₂.But productive H₂is less than consuming in digest and the high-H2 digest gas of acidic stage is discharged in the treatment of staged multi-phase anaerobic reactor. For this reason the digest gas of acidic stage and the digest gas plus H2 have been leaded into rear reactor, respectively. The results have showed that the methane yield and COD removal rate have been raised. And the leading of digest gas plus H2 is higher than the leading of digest gas.By experiment of treatment urban sewage in low temperature, COD removal rate of TACR is higher than other anaerobic reactor and can remove small pollutants of N and P.According to the hydraulic characteristics of tube current in TACR, the mechanism model of TACR has been explored for the first time. It has been set up and examined the mechanism model consist of anaerobic bacteria multiplication, digest pollutant, advection and dispersion. The results have showed it is a model near practice.There are four bring forth new ideas in the paper. The first, the up flow anaerobic reactor of influent at least sludge granulated subside velocity has better mix degree, more sludge and higher sludge activation. The second, Three Anaerobic Cylinder Reactor （TACR） has been designed. It is a reactor of high mixed degree, rational structure, simple construction, small volume, and high-rate. The third, methods of raising methane yield of TACR have been studied. The end, it has been set up and examined the mechanism model consist of anaerobic bacteria multiplication, digest pollutant, advection and dispersion. The results have showed it is a model near practice.更多还原