【作者】 王纯贤；

【导师】 王治森；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 制造执行系统是面向制造过程的新型车间生产管理与控制信息系统,强调了以时间为关键的现代制造思想,填补了计划管理层与控制层之间的信息断层,是实现企业全面信息集成的关键,也是实施敏捷制造的重要基础。目前,对制造执行系统的研究和开发更多关注的是生产管理与控制的自动化和制造过程的自动化,阻碍了在生产过程复杂、人员密集、自动化程度低的离散制造业中的应用。针对这一问题,本文在分析和总结制造执行系统的功能、特点、发展历程、研究现状和制造系统发展趋势的基础上,结合“以人为中心的生产”的思想和国家自然科学基金资助项目“人机协同的车间数字化制造模式研究”的立项方案,提出了以人为中心的制造执行系统(HcMES)的概念,研究了关键技术,对适合我国国情的制造执行系统技术进行了有益的探讨。 论文分析了网络化制造环境下,离散制造业车间生产管理与控制系统的需求和面临的挑战,阐述了HcMES的思想、内涵和功能,给出了定义,建立了功能模型。针对敏捷制造对生产控制结构的可重构、可重用和可伸缩要求,在详细分析和总结车间控制结构和制造资源组织形式的基础上,提出了面向订单的虚拟制造单元和由车间层、虚拟单元层、资源层组成的三层混合控制结构。 论文探讨了基于多Agent的HcMES软件开发技术,给出了Agent的通用结构、HcMES的多Agent功能模型和混合控制结构的多Agent层次结构,描述了主要Agent的功能、交互行为和行为内容;针对设备单一Agent建模所带来的网络通信量过大、响应速度慢的问题,在功能分解的基础上,提出由设备任务Agent和设备监控Agent组成的设备双代理机制;为了缩小Agent的交互范围,提高响应速度,提出基于可用资源集的虚拟单元组织结构;在综合分析Agent之间各种通信方式优缺点的基础上,对HcMES的不同层次设计了不同的通信策略;根据HcMES中多Agent的应用要求和KQML语言与XML技术的特点,给出了由KQML保留述行语和车间制造扩展述行语组成的外部语言、基于XML的车间制造标记语言的内部语言和基于XML文档类型/模式的本体组成的通信消息格式和通信模型。探讨了HcMES中Agent的组织管理机制和软件体系结构,给出了层次化软件结构模型。 论文对HcMES生产调度问题进行了形式化描述,在分析人机协同调度的思想和方式、JIT生产方式下人工调度的一般过程、HcMES调度问题的多目标优化特征的基础上,给出了基于虚拟单元的任务级、基于设备任务Agent招投标的设备级和基于遗传算法的车间级的三级人机协同优化调度结构;提出了以柔性工艺更多还原

【Abstract】 Manufacturing Execution System (MES) is a new type of manufacturing process-oriented information system for shop floor production management and control. It is a bridge between top-level transaction and low-level control system, and is the key for the integration of all enterprise information systems and implementation of advanced manufacturing strategy. Current researches on MES rely excessively on the automation of production management, control and execution, and result in lower applicability to the discrete manufacturing industry characterized by complicated processes, dense manpower and lower level of automation. To solve this problem, the idea of Human-centered Manufacturing Execution System (HcMES) is presented in the dissertation based on the scheme of human-machine synergic manufacturing put forward in the application for the Natural Science Fund Council program "Research on the Shop floor Digital Manufacturing with Human-Machine Synergy based on Wireless Communication" and the idea of "human-centered production". The key technologies of HcMES are studied comprehensively and systematically.The research is sponsored by the Natural Science Fund Council program (50375043), and the main contents are as following:Firstly, requirements and challenges of shop floor production management and control system for discrete manufacturing industry in networked manufacturing are discussed. The idea, meaning and functions of HcMES are expounded. The definition and functional model of HcMES are provided. To meet the needs of reconfigurability, reusability and scalability by agile manufacturing (AM) for production control architecture, order-oriented virtual manufacturing cell (OVMC) and three-layer hybrid control architecture are proposed based on the detailed analysis and summarization of shop floor control architecture and facilities arrangement.Secondly, the software development of HcMES based on multi-agent system (MAS) is studied. A common agent model, functional model and hybrid control architecture based on MAS are described. A dual machine agent mechanism consisting of machine task agent and monitor agent is proposed to reduce communication load and increase response speed. An OVMC based on flexible process route is proposed to reduce the agent interactive scope and increaseefficiency. The language and interaction mode between agents and organization, management of MAS, MAS software architecture of HcMES are discussed.Thirdly, the production scheduling in HcMES is described formally. A three-layer human-computer interactive optimization scheduling method is present based on the analysis of human-computer interactive mode, manually scheduling method in Just-in- time (JIT) production and multi-goal of the scheduling in HcMES. A backward and forward bidding mechanism based on Contract Network Protocol (CNP) in MAS scheduling is proposed, and the bidding process is described in detail including CNP and synthesized scheduling criteria. To cope with the disturbance in production, a dynamic human-computer interactive scheduling method is proposed based on hybrid control architecture and OVMC, and several typical disturbance events and its solution are discussed.By utilizing the independence between the computing steps in Genetic Algorithm (GA), a new task sequencing GA for attaining global optimization scheduling is proposed, which combines the GA and MAS scheduling developed above. Its chromosome coding, operator, fitness function and arithmetic flow are given, and are validated with a test-bed problem.Fourthly, networked information technology supporting HcMES on manufacturing floor is discussed, and a framework based on wireless communication is proposed. To fill the information gap between HcMES and stand-alone manufacturing facilities, a human-centered virtual automation is proposed, and its definition, structure and relations with HcMES are described in detail. Information "push-pull" and intelligent user help technologies are proposed for developing human-computer interactive agent supporting human-machine cooperation based on its function and requirement.At last, on the basis of the CIMS institute experimental workshop and the program of advanced manufacturing R&D initiative funded by the State Development and Planning Commission, an HcMES MAS prototype using COM/DCOM and Windows DNA architecture is designed. Software framework of main agents in HcMES is constructed with UML, and examples for validating the key technologies proposed in the dissertation are provided.更多还原