【作者】 项乔君；

【导师】 王炜；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2000， 博士

【摘要】 城市交通带动了城市经济、社会的发展,改善了人们出行机动化水平,但也带来了一系列的负面作用,能源过多消耗、环境污染、交通事故增加、土地资源的大量使用。因此在城市交通发展问题上,不是要不要发展的问题,而是如何发展,如何对城市交通的负面效应从时间和空间上做出一定的约束,规范城市交通发展的问题。 城市交通系统中的汽车燃油消耗是一个系统而复杂的问题,汽车燃油消耗不仅与汽车性能有关,还与城市道路与交通状况、燃油消耗的评价方法密不可分。论文以国家自然科学基金项目“可持续发展城市交通系统研究”为依托,系统阐述了城市交通系统汽车燃油消耗分析与预测方法。 论文提出了若干评价城市交通中燃油消耗水平的指标,这些指标可以从不同角度,如燃油利用率、燃油消耗水平、车型、道路型式、交通流运行状态等方面对城市交通中燃油消耗进行评价。 论文从微观和宏观两个方面对汽车的燃油消耗进行了深入的分析,建立了城市交通系统燃油消耗的微观理论模型和宏观预测模型。微观理论模型是以发动机台架试验数据为基础,以功率平衡原理建立的,模型的可靠性较高,结合油耗试验,对模型进行了标定。微观理论模型可以分析汽车发动机功率和转速,道路坡度以及汽车在城市中的实际行驶状况,如、减速-加速过程、滑行-加速过程、行驶速度、载重量等因素对汽车油耗的影响,并可对这些因素的影响进行量化分析。 宏观预测模型是一种回归模型,它以实验数据为基础。在城市交通中,影响燃油消耗的因素很多,为了使回归模型能够准确预测汽车在实际交通环境中的燃油消耗,又不过于复杂,论文对实验数据和车辆运行状况指标,如运行速度、行驶时间、距离等指标进行聚类分析,从中找出与燃油消耗相关性最好的指标进行回归,回归结果较为理想。宏观预测模型可以从宏观上预测汽车在实际道路交通环境中的燃油消耗,结合交通流理论分析,还可模拟城市交通中各连接路段、交叉口总的燃油消耗水平,以及燃油消耗在城市交通网络中的分布。在城市交通环境中,车型较多,不同车型在燃油消耗方面存在较大的差异,为便于研究,从轻型车、中型车、大型车中各选择一种车型为代表车型。对代表车型燃油消耗的分析,能够反映出同类型汽车的燃油消耗水平。论文提出的更多还原

【Abstract】 It goes without saying that the urban transportation brings forth the urban economy and social development, improves people’s mobility. But there exist some negative effects while we should pay close attention to. These negative effects include energy consumption, environment polluting, traffic accidents increasing, etc. So the urban transportation development concerns is not whether or not we should foster the vehicle transportation development, but how to develop it, how to regulate the development while restricting its disadvantages in reasonable scope. Vehicle fuel consumption is a systematic and complicated aspect in the urban transportation system. Some of it attributes to the characters of vehicle, others relates to the road and traffic condition, still others seem to stress the evaluation methods of it. Based on the project supported by National Nature Science Foundation, ”Research on the Sustained Urban Transportation Development System”, this dissertation systematically illustrates the analysis and forecast methodologies of vehicle consumption in the urban transportation system. To evaluate the fuel consumption in various road and traffic condition, some appraisal indexes which concern about the efficiency of fuel usage, fuel consumption level, vehicle type, road type, traffic flow, etc, are brought forward in the dissertation. Vehicle fuel consumption is analyzed thoroughly from micro-and macro-scope. The micro-theoretical model is constructed according to engine experimental data with the use of power equilibrium theory, and has high precision. This model can be used to analyze how the fuel consumption is affected by the factors such as engine running speed, engine power, road grade, decelerating-accelerating process, accelerating-sliding process, vehicle speed, and carrying load, etc. Based on the field data, the macroscopic forecast models are regression models. There are many factors have influence on the fuel consumption. To simply and accurately simulate the fuel consumption in the real traffic situation, the field data is dealt with cluster method, and the best indexes relating to the fuel consumption are picked out in the dissertation, the results are satisfactory. Not only can the macroscope models be used to predicate the fuel consumption in the practical environment, but also when combined with the traffic flow theory analysis, the road link and intersection fuel consumptions and the distribution of the fuel consumption in the urban transportation network can also be simulated. There exist great differences between every type of vehicles. To simplify our research work, three typical vehicles widely used in China are selected to represent three types of vehicles, such as light vehicle, middle vehicle and large vehicle. The fuel consumption of every type of vehicles can be reflected by the fuel consumption indexes of representative vehicle. The passage car equivalent proposed according to fuel consumption in the dissertation can be used to compare the fuel consumption between every types of vehicle under practical road (such as road link, intersection). Intersection is bottleneck of urban transportation network; it’s also the most concentrated fuel consumption zone. Through an example analysis, the analysis method and procedure of intersection fuel consumption are proposed in the dissertation. In the general traffic planning and designing theory, the appraisal on road operation quality is limited to operation parameters (delay, saturation degree, speed, etc), but other parameters such as fuel consumption level, environment pollution degree, land use efficiency which have close relationships to the sustained urban transportation development, are passed beyond consideration. A synthetic method to evaluate the quality of road operation is given according to the fuel consumption indexes, in cooperation with the traffic operation ones. The standards to classify the levels of service of road-link and intersection are also provided.更多还原