【作者】 宋仁峰；

【导师】 盛京；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 材料学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 二氧化碳和甲烷是储量十分丰富的资源,同时也是主要的温室气体之一。合理地转化二氧化碳和甲烷不仅可以有效地利用资源,对环境保护也有重要的意义。等离子体技术作为一种非常规方法在二氧化碳和甲烷化学转化研究中受到越来越多的关注。本文研究了辉光放电条件下二氧化碳(甲烷)和苯乙烯的聚合反应规律及无声放电条件下二氧化碳(甲烷)等离子体引发苯乙烯的聚合反应规律,并将两种放电方法应用于聚合物共混,制备聚丙烯/聚苯乙烯合金。等离子体技术涉及诸多物理现象,对物理过程的分析是理解和分析二氧化碳和甲烷转化的前提,本文实现了放电过程中电压和电流物理量的在线检测。研究辉光放电条件下二氧化碳和苯乙烯及甲烷和苯乙烯等离子聚合反应规律。聚合产物的溶解性试验、FTIR 和XPS 分析表明,二氧化碳和苯乙烯反应生成的聚合膜化学结构中含有醚键、羰基、羟基,选用合适的放电条件可以得到非交联的线性结构聚合膜;甲烷和苯乙烯生成的聚合膜均为交联型结构;根据聚合膜化学结构推测了聚合反应过程中的基元反应。研究无声放电条件下二氧化碳等离子体引发苯乙烯聚合和甲烷等离子体引发苯乙烯聚合规律,结果表明二氧化碳(甲烷)等离子体引发苯乙烯聚合符合自由基机理,FTIR、XPS 和溶解性试验表明聚合产物为非交联的线性结构,二氧化碳等离子体引发苯乙烯的聚合产物中引入了羰基官能团,甲烷等离子体引发苯乙烯的聚合产物中引入了碳═碳双键官能团。根据辉光放电和无声放电条件下,二氧化碳(甲烷)和苯乙烯的共聚反应特征,采用等离子体技术结合原位熔融共混的方法制备聚丙烯/聚苯乙烯合金。FTIR、XPS、荧光光谱、SEM、偏光显微镜和DSC 等分析结果表明:聚苯乙烯以尺寸较小的圆形颗粒均匀地分散于聚丙烯连续相中;等离子体方法提高了两相的相容性;力学性能的测试结果表明,等离子体条件下制备的聚丙烯/聚苯乙烯合金与纯聚丙烯相比,在拉伸性能未损失的前提下,合金的冲击性能得到较大幅度提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Both carbon dioxide and methane have a rich storage in the world, which are two of the key gases causing greenhouse. And reasonable conversion of carbon dioxide and methane may not only lead to efficient resource utilization but also protect environment. Plasma technology as an unconventional method has been widely used in the study on the conversion of carbon dioxide and methane. In this thesis, the study on the rules of polymerization of carbon dioxide and methane plasma with styrene under glow discharge and dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) are provided, and the two discharge methods are applied to blend polymerization for the preparation of polypropylene/polystyrene alloy. Since many physical phenomenon are involved in the DBD and glow discharge, the analysis on related problems are involved for better understanding of polymerization mechanism. Online detection of voltage and current during the process of DBD and glow discharge comes true in this thesis. The polymerization of carbon dioxide plasma and methane plasma with styrene plasma under glow discharge is studied. The solution experiment, FTIR and XPS of polymer show that there exist C-O, C=O and OH in the polymer structure produced by polymerization of carbon dioxide with styrene, and no cross-link polymer may be prepared under suitable discharge conditions. The polymer of methane copolymerization with styrene is cross-link style, and based on the structure of polymer, the mechanism of collision reaction among active particles is studied. Styrene polymerization by DBD plasma of carbon dioxide and methane are investigated respectively. The study on XPS and FTIR show that there exist C=O in carbon dioxide initiation polymerization of styrene, and the polymer is no cross-link. The polymerization of methane initiation styrene contained C=C, and it is no cross-link too. The mechanism of plasma initiation polymerization was the type of free radical. Polypropylene/polystyrene alloy is prepared with the usage of plasma technique and melt blend. The comprehensive study with FTIR, XPS, XRD, SEM and DSC analysis show that dispersion phase particle size is effectively reduced and the homogeneity of alloy is improved.更多还原