【作者】 潘军峰；

【导师】 周孝德；

【作者基本信息】 西安理工大学 ， 水力学及河流动力学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 由于我国经济快速发展,对河流的干扰程度大大超过了世界上同类自然条件的国家和地区,许多河流面临水体污染、断流、生态系统恶化等严重的水问题,为衡量人类经济社会与河流生态环境的协调程度,提出了河流水环境承载力的概念。河流水环境承载力是河流流域持续发展过程中各种自然资源承载力的重要组成部分,研究水环境承载力,对于优化水环境、水资源的配置,协调区域生态建设、人民生活、工农业生产与水资源、水环境的关系,实现区域可持续发展,具有重要的意义。 本文从水生态、水环境出发,以环境与经济协调发展为目标,对永定河上游水环境承载力进行研究。首先将水环境承载力与河流的生态环境需水量、河流的纳污能力即水环境容量相结合,建立了河流水环境承载力研究的理论基础,其次从河流水环境承载力的承载媒介(水资源量和水体质量)入手,以河流水环境承载力的承载对象(人口、污染物质、人类活动等)为基础建立了河流水环境承载力指标体系,最后以系统动力学为手段,建立了永定河上游——桑干河流域水环境承载力量化模型,并以桑干河流域为实例研究了河流水环境承载力。本研究取得的主要成果如下: (1)对河流水环境的关键影响因子进行分析,建立河流水环境承载力概念模更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid economical development in our country, many rivers have faced serious problems such as pollution, dry river, and deteriorate ecological system. These problems are more serious in our country than others. For weighing the harmony degree between human economy society and ecological environment of river, the concept of water environment carrying capacity (simplified as WECC) of river is put forward,, The WECC of river is the important part of natural resources carrying capacity during the development procedure in river basin. Through studying the WECC of river, we can optimize arrangement of water environment and water resource, and harmonize the relationship between ecological construction, people’s life and water resource environment. It is very important meaning for sustainable development district.Based on water zoology and water environment, this paper studies the WECC of Sanggan River, in order to assort with the development of environment and economy. Firstly this paper combines the WECC of river with the ecological and environmental water demand, the water environment capacity, and builds some basic theory system of WECC of river. Secondly it builds the index system of WECC by means of thecarrying object(such as population, pollutants, human activities), starting from the carrying media of WECC (water resources quantity and water quality) . Finally it builds the WECC model by system dynamics, taking Sanggan River as an example to study the WECC of river. The main achievements obtained are as follows:(1) This paper builds the concept model of WECC of river, analysing the critical effect factors of WECC of river. It builds the evaluation index system of WECC of river. The index system includes five subsystems of industry, agriculture, population, water resources, water ecology, and water pollution altogether 12 indexes. It decides the weight of each index and subsystem by the method AHP.(2) This paper indicates that the ecological water demand consists of ecological basic flow, water evaporation, inleakage water demand, the environmental water demand consists of the balance of water and sand demand and against-pollution water, starting from the ecological function of river. The ecological water doesn’t have request for water quality at computing, while the against- pollution water not only requires to be inflow fresh water, but also calculate background value of water quality for self-clean water.(3) This paper builds the WECC system dynamics model of river, comprehensively considering many factors including economic development, population growth, environmental capacity of pollutant, the river ecological and environmental water demand, the control measures of water pollution and the protective plan of water environment, simulating the indexes in WECC index system. The setup and simulation of system dynamics model of WECC can quantify the control measure of water environment protection, which has practical significance for improving the ecological and human survival environment.更多还原