文化生存与发展的空间

【作者】 康澄；

【导师】 张杰；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 尤利·米哈依洛维奇·洛特曼(Юрий Михайлович Лотман)(1922-1993)是20世纪苏联享有世界声誉的文艺理论家、符号学家,曾担任国际符号学研究协会的副主席,是塔尔图—莫斯科符号学派的代表人物、文化符号学的首创者之一。他的文化符号学理论以其独特性和创造性为世界符号学做出了重大贡献,已成为世界人文科学领域研究的重要课题之一。 洛特曼的文化符号学博大精深,其中涉及文化研究多方面的重要理论问题。本文选取文化符号学中的符号圈理论为主要研究对象,提出符号圈(семиосфера)理论是洛特曼文化符号学的制高点,是其理论大厦的栋梁。 论文的第一章着重论述了符号圈理论的基础,考察了洛特曼前后期思想的发展变化,描述了洛特曼的理论从符号到文本、从文本到文化、从文化到符号圈的辩证发展过程。第二章阐释了洛特曼的符号圈理论,对符号圈的三大基本特性——不匀质性、不对称性及界限性进行了归纳和梳理。第三章论述了符号圈理论所具有的突出的空间性特征。在考察洛特曼时空观的基础上,将他的符号圈理论与巴赫金的时空体理论进行了比较,阐释了洛特曼符号圈理论空间观的独特性所在,论证了这种独特的空间观已经不是一种局部的特征,而是成为洛特曼整个文化符号学理论最本质的方法论之一。第四章揭示了符号圈理论独特的对话性机制。在确认洛特曼具有深刻的对话性思维的基础上,说明了洛特曼的文化符号学、尤其是1984年提出的符号圈理论是这种对话性思维的积极成果与直接体现,论证了巴赫金的对话性理论对洛特曼后期符号学思想发展的深刻影响,阐释了洛特曼在吸取巴赫金对话思想精华的基础上做出的重大贡献与创新。第五章揭示了符号圈理论的地位、方法与意义。首先,论证了符号圈理论在洛特曼整个文化符号学中的重要地位,阐明了进入符号圈中的洛特曼思想从早期的确定性、系统性、逻辑性到后期的不确定性、不可预见性,从研究的客体性、科学性到文化及符号圈的主体化与智能化的转变;其次,指出了洛特曼之所以能不断地实现自我超越关键在于他寻求“他者”的独特思维方法,并考察了洛特曼二元对立的思维方法及其对传统哲学意义上的二元对立的消解;最后,从三个方面论述了符号圈理论的意义及给予我们的启示,提出了符号圈理论不仅为我们提供了一种崭新的文化研究视角和方法,而且这一理论本身就是人类文化自由、多元、动态精神的完美体现。结语部分总结了洛特曼整个符号学理论的发展历程,提出了“第二模拟系统”、“文本”和“符号圈”是洛特曼理论发展的三个里程碑,“第二模拟系统”和“文本”形成了独特的“洛特曼符号圈”中的两条“界限”。跨越“界限”为洛特曼建立自由、多元、动态的符号圈理论奠定了坚实的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Juri Mikhailovich Lotman (1922-1993) is a world famous Russian literal theorist and semiotician of the 20* century. He served as Vice President of International Semiotics Association, and was a representative of the Tartu-Moscow Semiotic School and one of the initiators of Cultural Semiotics. His Cultural Semiotics Theory made great contributions to the world’s Semiotics due to its originality and has been an important subject in the world’s humanities and social sciences research.Lotman’s Cultural Semiotics is characterized by its profundity, among which important theories of aspects of cultural researches are involved. This dissertation takes the semiosphere theory of Cultural Semiotics as the research subject and proposes that semiosphere theory is the "commanding elevation" of Lotman’s Cultural Semiotics and a pillar of his theories.The first chapter of this dissertation focuses on the theoretical basis of Semiosphere. It examines the changes and development of Lotman’s thoughts from his earlier period to the later stage and describes the dialectical developmental process of Lotman’s theories from sign to text, from text to culture, and from culture to semiosphere. The second chapter explains Lotman’s semiosphere theory, analyzes and sums up three fundamental characters of semiosphere — heterogeneity, asymmetry and boundedness. The third chapter discusses the prominent spatiality of semiosphere theory. Based on the investigation of Lotman’s viewpoint on space-time, the author compares Lotman’s semiosphere theory with Bakhtin’s chronotope theory, illustrates the originality of Lotman’s viewpoint on space-time and argues that this special spatiality has become the essential methodology of Lotman’s Cultural Semiotics rather than a partial character. Chapter Four reveals the unique dialogic mechanism of Cultural Semiotics. Upon the acknowledgement of Lotman’s deep dialogic thinking, the author shows that Lotman’s Cultural Semiotics, especially the semiosphere theory proposed in 1984, is the positive result and direct representation of his dialogic thinking. It is further demonstrated that Bakhtin’s chronotope theory had great influence on the development of Lotman’s semiotics thinking in his later years and expounded that Lotman made great contributions and innovations by absorbing the quintessence of Bakhtin’s dialogic thinking. Chapter Five states the status, method and significance of semiosphere theory. It first explores the important position of semiosphere theory in the whole Cultural Semiotics and clarifies the changes of Lotman’s thoughts related to semiosphere, from its certainty, systematicness and logic at his early stage to the uncertainty and unpredictability in his later years, as well as from objectivity and scientificity of the research to subjectivity and intelligentization of culture and semiosphere; It then points out that Lotman’s special mode of thinking in respect of pursuing "others" is the key to his continual self-transcendency, and studies Lotman’s thinking on binary oppositions while dissolving that on the traditional philosophical sense. It finally illustrates the significance of semiosphere theory and the enlightenment it brings from three aspects, and proposes that semiosphere theory not only offers us a new perspective and method of culture research, but the theory itself is also a perfect embodiment of free, multiple and dynamic spirit of human cultures. The Conclusion summarizes the developmental processof Lotman’s semiotic theory. It puts forward that "Sencondary Modeling System", "Text" and "Semiosphere" are the milestones in the development of Lotman’s theories. "Sencondary Modeling System" and "Text" has formed two particular "boundaries" in "Lotman’s semiosphere". Crossing the "boundaries" has laid solid foundations for Lotman’s free, multiple and dynamic semiosphere theory.更多还原