【作者】 黄克正；

【导师】 艾兴；

【作者基本信息】 山东工业大学 ， 机械制造， 1993， 博士

【摘要】 本文在广泛地分析借鉴现有复杂表面成形切削加工技术的基础上,从复杂表面成形切削加工系统设计智能化的理论高度进行了大胆的探索和研究,采用分析与综合相结合的方法,建立了以分解重构理论模型为基础的一系列复杂表面成形切削加工系统设计的智能化原理和技术,使具有创新潜力和高度适应能力的复杂表面成形切削加工系统设计智能化CAD系统的开发建立在有效的理论基础之上,并通过生产应用和实验加工验证了理论模型的正确性和有效性。 本文所述的理论模型以广泛的切削刀具设计理论与实践、现代数控加工自动编程技术为基础,综合分析了成形表面切削刀具设计与切削运动设计的理论发展现状,特别是CAD与AI技术的应用情况,提出了未来自动设计系统的进一步发展方向是开发具有综合能力、适应性强的通用设计系统,和具有丰富知识,识别能力和创新潜力的智能系统。 分解重构理论模型是本文建立复杂表面成形切削加工系统设计智能化原理与方法的基础,主要包括复杂表面的分解重构,成形切削系统方案的分解重构,切削刃形与切剖运动的分解重构,以及人-机系统的分解重构:从设计的角度,则有原始需求,设计内容、设计过程的分解重构。通过设计智能的分析与综合,提出了增加自动设计系统的识别和再认识能力、以使之具有创新潜力的途径。 复杂表面的切削成形是加工系统的基本功能与作用。本文首先区分了复杂表面的设计模型与加工模型,并研究了两者之间的关系及转换问题。然后根据切削加工系统的特点,将复杂表面的加工模型分成微观、局部与宏观三个层次,最后利用“粒度”空间概念建立了复杂表面的离散空间结构和分解重构模式,为切削系统方案设计和具体求解奠定了基础。 成形切削加工系统方案的自动创成是创新设计的基本要素。本文首先深入剖析了各种切削加工系统的特点和实质,概括提出了以余量三维模型为基础的切削加工系统方案的创成原理和推理方法;然后,为使设计系统真正具有创新潜力,详细综合分析了各种基本表面的特征,运用分解重构思想提出了复杂表面的识别原理,并具体实现了识别方法;最后,通过等螺旋角刀刃锥面铣刀的加工工艺创新实例证明更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on extensive survey and analysis of existing complex workpiece surface machining system design (cutting tool edge profile design and tool path generation) methods, especially application of CAD and AI techniques, tentative research work was carried out on intelligent theory of machining system design for complex surface.Combining analysis and syntheais (?)thods, a series of intellectualization principles and techniques for machi(?) system design has been established based on decomposition and reconstitute model, so providing intelligent CAD system with high adaptability and potential innovative power. The machining experiments and practical application in production have shown that the theoretical model and principles and methods derived from it are correct and effective.Decomposition and reconstitute model is the theoretical basis of all the intellectualization principles and techniques in complex surface machining system design proposed in this study. It includes the following decomposition and reconstitute of complex surfaces, form cutting system schemes, cutting tool edge, cutting motion and man-machine system itself. From the view point of design, it consists of decompositions and reconstitute of initial requirements, design contents, design process. Design intelligence analysis and reconstitute has derived the now way of intellectualizing design system by providing it with "cognitive and recognition power".Giving shape to workpiece is the primary and the most important function of the machining system. Workpiece surface is firstly classified into two categories: design model and machining model, and the relation between them is studied and conversion from the former to the latter is discussed. Then, according to characteristics of machining process, the machining model is further divided and put into three levels in hierarchical form: micro, local and overall levels. Finally, discrete space structure is established for workpiece surface based on granularity conception and decomposition and reconstitute model.Automatic creation of form cutting system scheme is the decisive element for design systems with innovative potential. After extensive analysis of characteristics of various machining systems, a new synthetic principle is firstly proposed for machining system scheme formation based on 3 dimensions of machining allowance. Then, to provide design system with true innovativepotential, a variety of basic and complex surfaces is analyzed synthetically, and recognition and inference principle is applied for complex surface recognition. Finally, an innovative case is studied to make the conical end ? milling cutter with constant helical angle, which derived a new machining system, so as to demonstrate the effectiveness of the above intcllcctualization principle.Form cutting tool profile and hob profile design is most important task in traditional machining system design. In this work, decomposition and reconstitute of profile design process is made use of in establishing general-purpose and fully automatic design system. Firstly, the profile of rotary cutter for helicoid surface is obtained through 3D methods, which adapts itself to. frequently changing relative positions between tool and workpicce, and ever-changing workpiece surface, and needs not human derivation of conjugation formula. Then, the method is applied further to hob profile design. To cut down computing time, 2B design method is adopted called discrete-and-synthesis method, and its result is taken as the initial "heuristic" value of 3D solution. Reconstitute of time series leads to a refined solution’ of hob profile.Tool path generation and interference checking is the basic contents in modern NC machining system design, making good use of over-all property of complex surfaces, movement scheduling is studied firstly. In order to optimize synthetically the overall machining system, i.e. 2-1/2D NC machine in the ease discussed, several optimal principles are proposed. Then, non- cutting- edge interference problem is tackled by hierarchical inference method, which especially suits to be used on micro-computer without 3D modelling system. In tool path generation on 2-1/2D NC machine, path reconstitute conception is proposed for fine cutting, and practical method is designed with satisfactory results. Finally, a new type of tool path generation method by copying principle is introduced, which is a diroct method and is made practical by local level reconstitute of workpieco surface.As application of the theoretical model and techniques established above, -intelligent CAP system is developed. Firstly, intelligent interactive CAD model is built up, making good use of existing CAD capability and human intelligence, and a new type of interface element is developed, called Prototype Menu, which makes the design system more user-friendly. Then, AI techniques arc used to develop various intelligent elements including the representation of various knowledge developed in the study, intelligent interactive control strategics, and inference engines closely related with the machining system design, e.g. workpiece surfaee recognition, machining system scheme creation, tool profile synthosis, interference checking, etc. Based on these intelligent elements, practical softwaro systems have been developed, among which WGIICAD system has been put into production over a year with effective results.更多还原