【作者】 史振厚；

【导师】 邹德秀；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 随着市场经济发展和政府职能转型,非政府组织在中国迅速发展起来,与政府和市场一起构成了社会发展的三维。本论文主要从职能角度来研究农村非政府组织(RNGO),按照“RNGO的基本理论—RNGO的兴起与发展—政治职能—经济职能—社会职能—RNGO的博弈—RNGO的建设”这个总体研究思路进行。按照实证和规范分析相结合、历史和比较分析相结合以及综合运用经济学、管理学、社会学等多种方法,对农村非政府组织进行研究。文章的主要创新之处首先在于把“三农”问题与非政府组织结合起来,提出了研究“三农”问题的新视角;其次从博弈论的角度来研究农村非政府组织的社会关系;另外提出了RNGO进行自身组织建设的途径。全文共分为九部分。第一章主要论述论文选题的背景、意义、文献评述、研究方法和思路、论文的可能创新之处。提出在市场经济条件下,农村小康与和谐社会目标的实现,必须是不同部门,即政府、市场和非政府组织之间和谐共处,共同推动农村社会的发展。然而,我国RNGO的发展还处于起步阶段,发展层次比较低,人们的认识还不够清楚,甚至有些误解。理论上系统研究RNGO职能问题的成果还不多见,因此,深入研究就具有重大意义。第二章从理论上对农村非政府组织(RNGO)进行分析。从经典组织理论入手,到非政府组织理论的剖析,进而对RNGO进行理论界定。指出RNGO主要由农民自发成立,参与主体是农民,旨在于更好地实现农民利益。RNGO的存在承担着重要的社会功能。本章从不同角度对RNGO进行了分类,主要是政治组织、经济组织和社会组织等。第三章讲述RNGO的兴起和发展。国际上考察了对中国具有典型意义的三个标本:美国、日本和韩国的农村非政府组织,指出了其对中国RNGO的借鉴价值之所在。论述了中国近代RNGO的历史传承和发展情况,考察了民国时期梁漱溟和晏阳初的乡村建设实验。重点分析了RNGO发展的必要性,从提高农民市场竞争力、表达农民自身利益、实现农民平等国民待遇等角度进行。最后阐述了中国RNGO发展的基本概况。第四章论述RNGO的政治职能。考察了中国近代农会的发展历程,论述了重建新式农会的必要性,认为新式农会是农村社会新的整合组织。RNGO的政治职能突出表现在能够促进农村的民主化进程和农民维权上,这也包括城市农民工。村民委员会是一种特殊的非政府组织,可看作是半政府、半民间组织,它们在农村政治民主化进程中起到很大作用。第五章研究RNGO的经济职能。RNGO的经济职能体现在科技推广、专业生产、农村市场和扶贫开发等诸方面。本部分结合农业技术创新过程中存在的问题,分析了农民更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of market economy and the transition of the governmental functions, Non-governmental Organizations sprouted out rapidly in China, and they constitute three dimensions of the social development together with the government and market. This doctoral dissertation is intended to make a study of the Rural Non-governmental Organizations from functional angles, in the order of the basic theory, the rising and development, the political function, the economic function, the social function, the games and the construction of RNGO. Combined with substantial and criterial analyses, historical and comparative analyses, the dissertation makes a comprehensive study of RNGO using different methods in economics, management and sociology and so forth. The dissertation is composed of nine parts. Chapter I is a brief introduction of the study. This part mainly refers to the background and significance of the study, the comprehensive commentary, the study methods and route, and several possible innovations. The writer points out that different social sections should coexist in a harmonious way, and make an endeavour to promote the rural development in order to achieve the goal of a well-off society. However, the RNGO in China is still in the initial stage—a low development level, and many people even misunderstand them. Therefore, there is great necessity to make a further study of RNGO since only few systematic studies have been carried out so far. Chapter II analyses RNGO from the point of view of theory. The dissertation makes a theoretical definition of RNGO on the ground of classical organizational and NGO theories. RNGO in this dissertation mainly refers to the organisations formed voluntarily by farmers whose aim is to protect farmers’interests. RNGO undertakes many important social functions. In this chapter the writer makes a classification of RNGO from different angles, which includes political, economical and social organizations and so forth. Chapter III deals with the rising and development of RNGO. This part first makes a research of RNGO in American, Japanese and Public of Korea, which are of great significance to China. Then it studies the RNGO in modern China, esp. the Rural Construction experiments performed by Liang Shu-ming and James Yan. What is more important, this chapter discusses the necessity of developing RNGO from the points of enhancing farmers’abilities of challenging the market, representing farmers’interest and striving for an equal national status for farmers. Finally the writer expounds the general development of the present China. Chapter IV discusses political functions of RNGO. By analysing the development of farmer associations in modern China, this writer deals with the necessity of reconstructing new farmer societies, which will become new forces of rural conformity, promote the rural democratic process and protect farmer’s interests. Of course the new workers from rural areas to cities are also covered here. Farmer Committee, which is of great importance in the rural political democracy, is a special NGO, thus can be considered semi-governmental. Chapter V refers to economic functions of RNGO. The economic functions are embodied in different ways such as the generalization of science and technology, professional production, rural market and the support and development for the poor. According to the problems that occur in the innovation and generalization of agricultural technology, the writer holds the view that farmer participation can promote this process, save the dealing costs and upgrade the ability of farmers to resist the risks. RNGO behaves quite well in helping the poor in rural areas, endowing them with some skills needed for employment to enhance their power to seek for jobs and ultimately increase their incomes. Chapter VI deals with social functions of RNGO. RNGO often invests rural fundamental education and skill training directly or join hands with others to do this, engage itself in cultural career to flourish rural cultural market and provide convenient and economical service in medical care and sports for farmers. The rural societies of Family Plan are quite active in their work, contributing much to controlling the population. RNGO is playing a more and more important role in protecting the environment, and has become an indispensable part in the whole country. Informal as rural religious and clan societies are now, they are also of great significance. Chapter VII analyses the relationships among RNGO and the government, market and other organizations. RNGO can cooperate with the government because they have similar management space and organizational mutuality in common. However, collisions between them often occur because of different organizational principles, the uncertainty of cooperation and RNGO’s disadvantages. RNGO should make every effort to display itself in order to acquire more social support. The development of RNGO is the demand of market economy,while the latter exerts strong a impulse to the former. Various NGOs should try to trust and learn from each other so as to make their contributions. At the same time, they should also learn the merits of their foreign colleagues to gain more existence space and adapt themselves in the international society. Chapter VIII is about the construction of RNGO. RNGO’s social obligations refer to those of law, finance and performances; they should be responsible for their every action and burden their liabilities. Social credit is the foundation of RNGO’s existence. In this part the writer suggests a strong supervision upon RNGO to ensure their proper development. At present the law surroundings are not satisfactory to RNGO, and the government is required to make some necessary laws. The construction of RNGO’s ability can ensure them to attain permanent strength for development, thus there is great need to reinforce the construction of RNGO’s leadership, execution, management of human resources and social intercommunications. Chapter IX is an analysis of a certain case of RNGO. By examining the development trail of Society of the Old in Honghu Fishery, the essay reveals the uneven courses of RNGO and it is suggested that RNGO should be independent in order to bring them into full play and exist permanently.更多还原