【作者】 曾礼华；

【导师】 杨凤； 周安国；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 动物营养， 2000， 博士

【摘要】 本研究用含高产仔血缘的杂交仔猪实施早期隔离断奶,分四个试验,研究了牛初乳对早期隔离断奶仔猪生产性能、营养代谢、生长发育的影响。试验一用33 头14±2 日龄断奶的约克×梅山杂交猪(体重为3.29±0.10kg),设一42 日龄常规断奶组及哺乳仔猪对照组,研究了断奶后头两周(14-28 日龄)饲喂不同类型饲粮(牛初乳型:牛初乳用量为60%、30%、15%;牛常乳型:全脂牛奶粉用量为60%、30%、10%;非乳型饲粮)对早期隔离断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。结果表明:断奶后14-28 日龄,饲粮类型不同明显影响仔猪生产性能。牛初乳型饲粮显著提高仔猪生产性能(P<0.05)。高浓度(60%)牛初乳型饲粮明显克服仔猪断奶后的生长抑制,14-28 日龄和14-60 日龄日增重显著高于饲喂牛常乳型饲粮、非乳型饲粮及哺乳仔猪(P<0.05)。牛常乳型饲粮不利于仔猪发挥生长潜力。断奶后头两周,饲喂非乳型饲粮,明显引起仔猪失重。试验二以试验一获得最佳生产性能的饲粮为基础, 采用等能(DE4.4Mcal/kg)、等牛初乳乳清(乳源因子)用量、等蛋白源组成、不等蛋白水平(34%、26%、20%)饲粮,用16 头14±2 日龄断奶的约克×梅山杂交猪(体重为3.64±0.06kg),设一哺乳仔猪对照组,研究了断奶后头两周饲粮蛋白水平对早期隔离断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。结果表明:在等能条件下,饲粮蛋白水平不同,仔猪生产性能明显不同。断奶后14-28 日龄,饲粮能量蛋白比为12.95(DE4.4Mcal/kg, CP33.97%),仔猪日增重最高。能蛋比过高、过低,均不利用改善仔猪生产性能。饲粮牛初乳乳清(乳源因子)含量相同、蛋白水平不同,不影响仔猪采食量(P>0.05)。试验三用24 头14±2 日龄断奶的约克×梅山杂交猪(体重为2.87±0.08kg),设一哺乳仔猪对照组,研究了断奶后头两周饲喂不同类型饲粮(100%牛初乳、60%牛初乳、60%牛常乳、非乳饲粮)对早期隔离断奶仔猪养分消化利用以及饲粮结构对仔猪肠道发育的影响。结果表明:断奶后14-28 日龄,仔猪更多还原

【Abstract】 Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of bovine colostrum on performance, nutrient metabolism, development in segregated early-weaned pigs. In Experiment 1, 33 crossbred pigs weaned at 14±2 days of age, with an average weight of 3.29kg,were used to investigate the effect of feeding different diets ( bovine colostrum type:containing bovine colostrum 60%, 30%, 15%; milk type:containing whole milk powder60%, 30%, 10%; no milk type) during 14-28 days on performance of pigs from 14-60 days of age. The results showed: the type of diets influenced performance of SEW pigs significantly(P<0.05). Bovine colostrum type improved performance of pigs notably(P<0.05). Pigs fed diet containing high concentration of bovine colostrum wasn’t depressed after weaning. Milk type diets had no advantage of improving performance of pigs. Performance of pigs was decreased seriously.by feeding no milk diet. In Experiment 2, 16 crossbred pigs weaned at 14±2 days of age,with an average weight of 3.64kg ,were used to study the effect of the first phase(14-28days)diets containing DE, bovine colostrum whey(milkborne factors), protein sources equal to those in 1.1group in experiment 1 , but different protein level(34%, 26%, 20%) on performance of pigs. The results showed, , the first phase diets with equal DE,but different protein level influenced performance of pigs from 14-60 days of age. Performance of pigs fed diet with energy:protein ratio of 12.95(DE4.4Mcal/kg, CP26%) was best,but was decreased by diets with high or low energy:protein ratio. ADFI wasn’t influenced by feeding diets with equal bovine colostrum whey ,different protein level. (P>0.05). In Experiment 3, 24 crossbred pigs weaned at 14±2 days of age, with an average weight of 2.87kg ,were used to investigate the effect of feeding different diets ( 100%bovine colostrum , 60% bovine colostrum ,60% whole milk powder, no milk diet).in first phase on utilization of nutrient for pigs and the effect of diet composition on morphology of pigs’intestines. The results showed, during 14-28 days , pigs digested protein and fat originating from milk more easily than those from no milk diet. No milk ingredient in diet decreased fat digestibity. Serum urea nitrogen was increased and BV of protein was reduced.by feeding no milk diets, high protein diet. Villi of SEW pigs got longer than that of nursing pigs at age of 28days (P<0.05). Composition of diets influenced intestinal morphology. In pigs fed diet containing high concentration of bovine colostrum, the length of villi and villi:vrypt ratio were higher than that of other groups(P<0.05). In Experiment 4, according to the design and treatment in experiment 3, the effects of bovine colostrum on passive immunity, production of antibodies , composition of microorganism in intestines of pigs were investigated. The results showed , pigs fed 100% bovine colostrum diet during 14-28 days, absorbed a few bovine IgG at 28 days of age. Bovine colostrum depressed E.coli in large intestines , and improved production of antibodies of pigs. Based on this study, it was concluded that bovine colostrum and SEW accelerated development of intestines in pigs. Bovine colostrum whey(milkborne factors) was a protecting-health factor which provided effective immune protection and improved performance of pigs at age of 14-28 days. The earlier pigs weaned (the lighter weight), the more pigs depended on protecting-health factor. It was advantageous of improving performance of pigs fed diets formulated according to energy:protein ratio of NRC(1998) for pigs at age of 14-28 days, provided with enough milkborne factors, increased nutrient concentration. The common function of protecting-health factor and nutrient in diets were the key for SEW pigs attaining perfect performance.更多还原