炸药强爆轰驱动高速金属飞片的实验和理论研究

【作者】 赵峰；

【导师】 孙承纬；

【作者基本信息】 中国工程物理研究院 ， 工程力学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 本文以炸药强爆轰驱动超高速金属飞片的理论和实验作为研究内容,在学术上对于深化爆轰产物性能和强爆轰驱动理论研究具有较大的创新意义。爆轰驱动高速飞片问题是爆轰物理应用研究的主要内容之一,其研究结果对于基础科学、国防科技和国民经济建设的一些重要课题有很大的技术推动作用。 本文的第一章简要介绍了用于产生动高压研究材料高压状态方程的爆轰加载技术,系统综述了强爆轰波实验方法、诊断技术、状态方程参数、平面多级串联爆炸加载装置和会聚爆轰驱动等的研究概况。 本文的第二章叙述了刚性飞片撞击下炸药片中强爆轰波的传播和驱动次级飞片的理论模型的研究工作,通过对强爆轰解析模型的研究,提出了简单的模型,了解了强爆轰传播规律和加速飞片的原理。采用楔形实验方法,给出了两种炸药的强爆轰波传播速度的衰减行为。 本文的第三章采用动量、能量守恒的概念,针对多级炸药/飞片系统,发展了强爆轰驱动飞片的Gurney公式,结合一级飞片的一维推体公式,对这类串联装药系统进行了优化设计,并与二维有限元程序DYNA2D的计算结果进行了比较。这种优化设计的思想是基于给定末级飞片厚度和一级主炸药的质量,对一级飞片厚度和二级炸药厚度进行优化选取,给出了二级和三级串联装置的优化算例,对柱和球的会聚多级爆轰驱动也提出了优化的思路和条件。 本文的第四章主要介绍了开展的实验工作及其测量结果,包括一级飞片平面性测量、多级飞片速度测量、次级飞片速度的激光速度干涉仪VISAR测量以及高速飞片撞击静止靶的实验测量。 首先开展了平面强爆轰驱动试验,测量了一级飞片的平面性;设计了多级驱动的实验装置,采用电探针测量了一级、二级和三级飞片速度,进行了计算与测量结果的比较,并对测量结果进行了误差分析,给出了不确定度的估算结果。 采用激光速度干涉仪VISAR测量了强爆轰驱动次级飞片的速度历程,并将其与电探针测量结果作了比较。 我们采用了X光照相和电探针技术进行了超高速飞片撞击静止靶的实验研究。在一级炸药的驱动作用下,一级飞片撞击二级炸药,在二级炸药中形成的强爆轰驱动二级飞片高速撞击固定在支板上的静止靶。使用X光照相技术得到二级飞片加速飞行姿态及撞靶过程,使用电探针测量一级飞片撞击二级炸药前的速度及二级飞片撞靶时的速度。实验给出的高速飞片撞击靶的过程中,图像和参考物体图像清晰,可以看出飞片的飞行姿态无明显的变形和倾斜,未发生层裂,在图示的范围内旁侧稀疏效果不严重。试验获得了碰撞形成的破片云形状和发展过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the theory and experiment techniques of accelerating metallic flyers to ultra high speed by strong detonation or multi-stage system are studied, where the next stage slab is impacted by the flyer of previous stage and is accelerated to a higher speed. This work is of important value for further understanding properties of detonation products and developing detonation driven theories. It is also one of the main research area of the application of detonation physics.This paper contains seven chapters. Chapter one has systematically overviewed the general research situation on dynamic loading technique of multi-stage detonation system including plane and converging detonation system for high-pressure studies.Chapter two studies the theoretical propagating and accelerating t models of strong detonation, produced by the impact of stiff flyer. The wedge test method is employed to record the over-driver detonation front’ s track for both TNT/RDX(40/60) and J0-9195 explosives. And results are compared with our model.Chapter three describes theoretical design for multi-stage detonation system. Based on the momentum and energy conservation law, for multi-stage explosive/flyer system, the Gurney model for explosive acceleration has been improved, and employed to analyze the typical two stage device. After compared with numerical simulation of DYNAIID, the system is optimized by the Gurney formula combined with the analytic equation from Stanyukovich under fixed initial Condition.Chapter four gives our main experimental works, including test set-up, diagnostic techniques and results. Firstly, we design the experimental set-up, and three-stage flyers’ velocities are measured in one shot using electrical-pin techniques. Experimental results indicate that for the first flyer of 4. 87km/s, the second steel flyer with 1mm thickness can be feasibly speed up to approximately 6.5~7km/s. And the third flyer of 0. 2mm molybdnum can approximately be accelerated up to over 9km/s.Secondly, the velocity profiles of the second flyer driven by strong detonation are measured by VISAR interferometer. Results show that high pressure plateau keeps on accelerating the flyer for quite a few microseconds.Then we conduct the high speed impacting test, the pictures of impact process between the second flyer with speed about 6. 4km/s and static metal target at two or three moment are photographed by means of flash X-rays and electrical pins techniques. Results show the flyer keep integrity and with good planarity, and the broke cloud formed from the flyer clearly.In chapter five, we have compared the differences of two-stage system among plane, cylinder and sphere geometry which was first proposed by Russian Schoolar Zababakhin. For our model, flyer velocities accelerated by slab, cylinder and sphere system reach 6. 7km/s, 8. 8km/s and 12km/s respectively.In chapter six, based on the feed through perturbation growth equations in incompressible slab, cylinder shell and spherical shell geometry, the Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities of the second steel flyer with initial perturbation on the outer surface are numerically calculated. For cylinder shell and spherical shell geometry, the acceleration reaches 10’km/s2. At 3 s after starting, flyer’ s perturbation amplitude of inner and outer surface reaches 2CT25 times than the initial amplitude, far more than in slab geometry situation.Chapter seven describes the research works on the equation of state (EOS). Universal EOS, recent developed by Pascal Vinet et al, and another by Parsafar and Mason, which have been widely used for a series of elements, metals, alloys and plastics, were fitted with those obtained shock wave data by linear fitting method.更多还原