【作者】 张守凤；

【导师】 罗荣桂；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 20世纪90年代以来,在知识经济、信息经济和网络经济日益明显的超强作用下,环境变化的速度明显加快:顾客在变、市场在变、竞争在变,而且变化的周期越来越短,速度越来越快,唯一不变的就是变化本身。 曾经有利于环境稳定的国界、规则与控制等因素正趋于瓦解,超强的竞争互动改变了以往竞争的规则、竞争的性质和持久竞争优势的源泉,企业面临着严重的战略管理断层;以适应环境变化为主导的战略思维必将受到以“创造并驾驭未来”为主导的竞争理念的挑战,主张对抗竞争的传统的竞争思维受到了竞争和合作并存的协同竞争的全新挑战,为了应对越来越不确定的环境和动态竞争的压力,如何构建有效的战略柔性体系是企业维持持续竞争优势的关键。由此可见,以创造未来为特征的柔性战略必将成为21世纪超竞争环境下企业的基本战略选择。 本文从超强竞争条件下环境变化的复杂性、不确定性和动态性以及环境变化的混沌性和不可预见出发,通过对企业战略环境的系统分析,对传统的战略理念扬弃的基础上,提出在超强竞争环境中,企业持久竞争优势可以通过建立柔性战略得以实现。并且结合环境变化的超强性,指明了企业战略未来发展的方向——柔性战略。本文主张基于协同竞争的企业柔性战略思想,强调企业对环境变化的主动性,要利用变化,甚至创造变化使企业在复杂多变的环境中不断改善资源的使用效率,增强企业整合内外部资源的战略能力以及战略预见力和应变能力,并通过与环境互动与互适的过程中形成有机的战略统一体,主动引导环境的变化朝有利于企业的方向发展。并从整合、优化企业内外资源与能力两方面研究了柔性战略实现途径,从而实现企业在超竞争环境下谋求持久竞争优势的战略目标。 一方面,从资源基础理论的角度指出了柔性战略的生成机理,从企业内部知识与能力的整合角度描述了动态环境下企业动态竞争优势的产生过程及战略柔性的增强途径;另一方面,在企业外部站在协同竞争的战略高度,在利用主动改变现状和规则的过程中创造新的机会和新的优势,实现了企业从你死我活的恶性竞争到追求“双赢”和自我提升的“竞合战略”。通过改变竞争规则的全方位的战略创新或者是战略转换,使不确定竞争环境下企业柔性战略得以实现。 通过对基于柔性战略的竞争优势模型及其发展模型的比较研究,为企业如何获得持续竞争优势提供了思路,并对可持续竞争优势进行重新界定,进而提出战略柔性是企业适应环境,保持企业竞争优势的关键所在。 最后以黑龙江思达集团为案例,对本文提出的基于协同竞争的柔性战略实施框架进行了实证研究,佐证和支持了论文的主题思想与理论观点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the 1990’s, with the vertiginous development of knowledge economy, information economy and the cyber economy, the speed of environment change is apparently accelerating: the customer, the market, the competition are all changing, and the cycle of changing is getting shorter and shorter. The only thing remaining unchanged if change itself.National boundaries, regulations, and control which used to be beneficial to a stable environment are tending to fall apart. And the throat-cutting competition has changed the rules and nature of the competition and the resource of sustainable competition advantages. The enterprises have encountered the serious faultage in strategy management. The strategical thought which proposes acclimatizing the enterprises to the environment is doomed to be challenged by the competitive concept of "create and control the future ". The competitive concept which claimed counterwork has encountered the concept of cooperative competition. In order to cope with the pressure from the increasingly uncertain environment and the dynamic competition, the enterprises must construct an effective strategically flexible system to maintain their sustainable advantages. It is concluded from this aspect that the flexible strategy whose feature is to create future will be the inevitable strategy choice of the enterprises in the fiercely competitive environment of the 21~st century.Started with the dynamic complexity, uncertainty, unpredictability of the environmental change under a fiercely competitive condition, through systematical analysis of the strategical environment based on the traditional strategical thought after developing the useful and discarding the useless parts, this article proposes that under a fiercely competitive condition the sustainable competitive advantages can be achieved through the construction of flexible strategy which will be the future direction of the enterprises’ development due to the fierce nature of the change of the environment. Based on flexible strategy which proposes cooperative competition that can also be named ultra-competition, this article stresses the initiative of the enterprises in face of environmental change. Environmental change should be used even created to raise the efficiency of the resource, to strengthen the enterprises’ ability to integrate the internal and external resources of the enterprises and the ability to foresee and respond to the change, and to form a organic strategy entia through the interaction between the enterprises and the environment, and at last to make the change be beneficial to the enterprises’ development. This article also points out that flexible strategy can be realized through optimizing and integrating the internal and external resources and ability, the result of which will enable the enterprises to maintain the sustainable advantages under an extra-competitive environment.On the one hand , the origination mechanism is pointed out from the angle of basic resource theory; the shaping process of the enterprises’ sustainable competitive advantages is described in the angle of integration of the internal knowledge and internal ability which is also the method to build up the flexibility of the strategy. On the other hand, in a cooperative point of view, the enterprises can create the new opportunities and advantages in the course of changing the present state and rules, andconsequently the suicidal dog-eat-dog competition becomes a win-win and auto-upgrading "cooperative strategy".The flexible strategy under the uncertain competitive environment can be realized by thorough strategical innovation or strategical conversion which changes the competition rules.Through comparison of the competition advantage model and development model based on flexible strategy, the article provides solutions to maintain sustainable competition to the enterprises, and by redefining the sustainable advantages, proposes that strategical flexibility is the key to adapting to the environment and sustaining the competition advantages.The last part takes Star Group in Heilongjiang Province for example, and makes a practical research into the execution framework which is based on cooperatively competitive and flexible strategy, and justifies the theme and viewpoints presented in this paper.更多还原