【作者】 李辉；

【导师】 姚大力；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 中国古代史， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 史家多将两宋与辽、金的对峙,称为中国史上的第二次南北朝时期。南宋与金的对峙中,虽然在军事上弱于金朝,但依然有与金相抗衡的实力。宋金交聘的制度化就是这种实力的体现。研究宋金关系的一个传统视点是宋金和战,而对宋金和平时期的交往较少著意。在宋金相对峙的百余年间,除不多的几年外,其他时间都有使者往来。宋金交战之时,有通问使、祈请使;和好之时有生辰使、正旦使。因此宋金之间的聘使往来,是宋金关系史研究中重要一环。 本论文由引言、正文、附录三部分组成。引言主要介绍了论文的选题意义、前人研究评述、基本概念、研究方法及创新之处。论文的正文共分五章。第一章对宋金交聘的背景进行了分析。宋辽关系对宋金关系产生了最直接的影响。因此首先回顾了宋辽对等关系的发展,然后以南宋人对“澶渊之盟”的评论为例,论证了大多数南宋人还是从现实出发,给予宋辽关系较高的评价。其次,论述了传统的朝贡体系无论在思想上还是现实政策上,对南宋人都会产生一定影响。第二章对南宋聘使制度进行深入研究,重视了不同时期,南宋聘使制度的变更现象。首先弄清了南宋的聘使机构设置,然后对南宋国信使的种类、使团的人员构成、国信礼物、使团的走私问题及宋金交聘的礼仪、国书等诸问题进行论述。第三章对不同时期国信使节进行了群体性研究,以探讨宋聘使之特点。首先考察了建炎年间及绍兴初年使副的身份,发现,他们多是布衣小臣。这有悖于国信使副由有出身、有才望之人担当的常规。而这种奇怪的象现与当时的宋金关系的大背景密不可分。其次考察了高宗一朝所遣使节与秦桧的关系,这些使节多与秦桧有关联,或为僚属,或为同乡,或为同党,或为亲戚。秦桧利用他们控制了外交。最后对南宋宰执的出使经历作了调查,发现许多宰执都有出使经历。第四章对金朝的聘使制度进行了论述。观其聘使制度,如使节名目、接待礼仪虽大体承辽宋旧制,但涉及一些具体问题,则可发现,金的聘使制度与辽更为接近。第五章对涉及宋金交聘的部分史料进行专题研究。首先对宋人使金国信“语录”进行研究。国信语录是宋辽、宋金交聘的产物。“语录”中主要报告使节出使时的酬答情况,附带记载所经路途及该地风土人情,以备朝廷参考,在宋金交聘研究中,史料价值非常大。因此有必要对使金国信“语录”进行全面的调查。其次,对《金史·交聘表》进行了补正。《金史·交聘表》记载了金朝自收国元年与宋、西夏、高丽三国或往来,或交战的史实,但对金世宗以前的宋金聘使往来记载疏略。笔者利用宋人所载,补正《金史·交聘表》,得百余条。为方便本论文的写作,笔者翻阅大量文献,将宋金双方的国信使节往来情况进行收集、整理成《南宋国信使表》及《金朝国信使表》二表,附于论文之后。更多还原

【Abstract】 The period of the Song, the Liao and the Jin was regarded as The Second Northern and Southern Dynasties in China’s history by the historian. Though weaker than the Jin in the military strength, the Southern Song still had ability to confront with the Jin . Diplomatic relations between Song and Jin was reflecting this kind of situation exactly. In fact, besides a few years, in more than 100 years when Song and Jin confronted with each other, there were the envoys’ exchanges between two regimes. For example, there were Tong-wen envoy and Qi-qing envoy during the war; Sheng-chen envoy and Zheng-dan envoy at ordinary time. So the envoys’ exchanges of two regimes should be a focal point in studying the relations between the Song and theJin.This dissertation includes preface, two appendixes and a main text that is composed of five parts. In the first chapter, the thesis analyses the background of relations between Song and Jin. Because the relations of the Song and the Liao exerted a most direct influence to the Jin and the Song, the former is reviewed at first. Then through taking comments on the Treaty of Chan-yuan as an example, the thesis proves that thinking from the realistic angle, most people of the Southern Song offered high appraisal on the relations of the Song and the Liao. Secondly, a fact is shown that no matter theoretically or on the realistic policies, the Chinese world order system has exerted a sure influence on people of the Southern Song. In the second chapter, the thesis makes further investigates to the diplomatic system of the Southern Song, for displaying the change phenomenon of this system. The author clarifies the diplomatic organizations in the Southern Song at first. Then, The author discusses these questions, such as: the envoy’s kinds, diplomatic corps personnel’s composition, presents that the envoy took. Finally, such questions as the smuggle of the diplomatic corps, diplomatic etiquette and letter of credence are described .In the third parts, in order to probe into the envoy’s characteristic in the Southern Song, the article carried on colony’s research to the envoys of different periods. Investigating the identities of chief and vice envoys of the early period: Jian-yan and Shao-xing, the author finds that they are mostly small officers. This kind of phenomenon does not accord with the principle that the envoys must be noble, talented people take on. And such strange phenomenon is closely related to great background of the relation of the Song and the更多还原