跨国公司内部知识转移过程与影响因素的实证研究

【作者】 关涛；

【导师】 薛求知；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 企业管理， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 近年来跨国公司的组织形式由单纯的母子公司科层控制关系向科层、内部市场并存的情况过渡,形成了跨国公司总部与各子公司、关联企业的垂直控制、合资、合作联盟等组织模式交叉共生的差异化网络。这种多样化的组织关系一方面增加了跨国公司通过子公司与关联企业获取当地知识的便利,增加了差异化网络中的跨国公司各企业实体相互利用彼此知识的可能性;另一方面这种日渐复杂的组织网络也造成了在差异化网络中转移和利用知识的困难,因为科层控制的减弱必然会降低利用行政权威转移知识的效率,而由非股权合作形成的准市场关系中存在有限理性问题,刺激参与者或相关企业在知识转移过程中产生机会主义和道德风险,这同样会降低知识转移的动力。于是近年来从企业组织的角度讨论内部知识转移逐渐成为跨国公司知识管理的新方向。 本文采用实证研究的方法,在文献检索的基础上,构造出跨国公司内部知识转移的过程模型,具体细分成知识特性、组织比较、转移机制、接收方特性等4个情境因素,共包括14个解释变量,对这些变量如何影响知识转移的效果,以及各变量之间的关系作了符合理论逻辑的假设。然后对主要经营场地位于中国的国外跨国公司子公司、中外合资、合作企业及少量在国外开设分支机构的中国企业做了问卷调查。 收集到125份有效问卷后,首先使用SPSS12.0统计软件对样本数据进行预处理,检验了问卷的结构效度和信度,删除了“接收方动机”及其它不合适的问卷题项。然后对变量作相关分析和多重共线性检验,进一步验证了问卷设计和数据的质量。 对跨国公司内部知识转移情景模型和相应假设的证明主要使用LISREL8.7统计软件做结构方程分析。在验证性因素分析的基础上,本研究分别对各类情境因素、知识转移机制和知识转移结果的关系作了系统分析,最后对所有变量进行了综合结构分析。统计结果显示,除接收方动机的作用因信度问题无法验证之外,简单嵌入、知识差距、关系距离、组织支持和三种知识转移机制对知识转移过程的直接作用显著,而默会性、关系嵌入、地理距离、制度差别、吸收能力对成功知识转移的直接作用不显著,但是它们中的某些变量可以通过知识转移中介对知识转移过程起间接作用。 对三种知识转移机制的中介作用分析显示初级转移机制对默会性、制度差别、吸收能力起到了完全中介作用,对组织支持起部分中介作用;高级转移机更多还原

【Abstract】 A parent corporation control subsidiaries always by hierarchy some years ago. But recently this is changed, as we can see that organizational form of multinational corporations(MNC) have been shift from hierarchy into the mix-system of hierarchy and internal market, thus make a differentiated network, in which some organizational forms ,such as wholly hierarchy control, international join venture and alliance can co-exit. It’s distinctly that it can help MNC get local knowledge, and be useful to transfer knowledge at the level of intra- organization. But this complex organizational system also make difficult to transfer knowledge at inter-organization due to a reduced authority in differentiated network. Even in the internal market, the motivation and initiative will be decreased because of the bound rationalism and opportunism. So the research of how to help transfer knowledge within MNC at the dimension of organization mechanics should not be ignored.According to empirical research, a context model including transferring process and influence factors has been constructed at a base of literatures review. This model consist of knowledge character, organizational compare context, transfer mechanics and acquisition character, in which have 14 explaining variables. Then some hypothesis about how to influence knowledge transfer have been put forward.After investigating many subsidiaries of foreign and Chinese MNC in China, 125 final samples were collected. The author use SPSS12.0 program to analyse cronbach’s a reliability and construct validity of these samples at first, then its quality is confirmed again by correctional and multi-collinearity analysis.The main statistical method the author use to prove model and hypothesis is structure equation model(SEM), by which the relations between some variables and explained variables have been confirmed, and the other can’t be supported.In detail speaking, the direct effect to transfer knowledge within MNC about simple-embed, knowledge gap, relation distance and organizational support are valid, the other variables such as tacit, complex-embed, physics distance, rule difference, absorptive capacity are not significant, some of them influence knowledge transfer indirectly by the mediation of three kinds of transfer mechanism.The result show that the basic mechanism can full mediate tacit, rule difference and absorptive capacity, and can partial mediate organizational supported. Other mediator variables, such as the second mechanism and informal mechanism, whose更多还原