纳博科夫研究

【作者】 李小均；

【导师】 谢天振；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫(1899-1977)是二十世纪最重要的文学家之一,对俄语文学和英语文学都做出了极大的贡献。由于其创作具有跨文学和跨文化的特性,因此对于理解我们的生活世界也不无重大的参考意义。可惜由于种种原因,国内的纳博科夫研究还存在太多的空白领域,对纳博科夫形象的认识也有待深入研究。本论文即从比较的视角着眼,通过考察纳博科夫的文化身份、理论阐述和创作实践,竭力勾勒、凸现一个被忽略的纳博科夫形象,那就是,作为自由主义反讽者的纳博科夫。 作为自由主义的反讽者,纳博科夫站在拯救与逍遥的相切点上,抱持的惟一信念就是“残酷是人类最坏的行为”。除此信念之外,他不再相信任何宏大的观念和体系。表面上看,他全部的写作都在反复书写“残酷”,实质上是在探询如何才能不残酷。纳博科夫通过多方面的探讨,认定惟有“好奇、善良、温柔、狂喜”的完美结合才能避免残酷,否则任何一种因素的缺席都必将导致残酷的莅临。 本论文除绪论和结语之外,共由八章组成。这八章可以分成三个部分。第一章构成了论文的第一部分。从语言、生活和文化三方面勾勒出纳博科夫这一偶然的独特个体,正是由于其独特性和偶然性,因此无法将之具体的归类,归于某种语言、某个民族或某种文化的范畴,也正是因为此,纳博科夫才不相信有任何“超越时间与机缘”的“核心信念与欲望”,从而成为彻底的反讽者。第二、三、四章构成了本论文的第二部分。笔者将从纳博科夫的理论文字中逐步考察他对媚俗、个体和记忆的看法与书写。作为独特的自由主义者,必然以媚俗为首敌,这是第二章的主题;在一个充斥着媚俗的世界,个体何为将成为第三章关注的焦点;第四章则从记忆的角度考察自由个体身份的建构与确证。本论文的第三部分是作品分析,由第五、六、七、八章构成,分别解读纳博科夫在《从左边佩带的勋带》、《洛丽塔》、《普宁》和《微暗的火》等四部作品中折射出的“自由主义反讽”的倾向,看他如何对残酷进行书写,以唤起人们对如何才能不残酷的思考。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one of the most important writers in the 20^th century, Vladimir Nabokov （1899-1977） made a substantial contribution to Russian literature and English literature. So far, dozens of books and numerous articles have been devoted to various aspects of his life and his works and not surprisingly, we have different images of him---a Russian writer, an American writer, a transcendentalism a modernist, an aesthete, a postmodernist etc. However, a question still remains unanswered: which image is closer to him? After an in-depth study of Nabokov’s cultural identity, theoretical statements and creative practices, this paper attempts to spotlight a hidden new image, that is, a liberal ironist in Richard Rorty’s sense.As a liberal ironist, Nabokov stands at the dividing line between dallying and delivering. Except this sole belief that cruelty is the worst matter of human beings, he does not believe any other grand concepts or ideas. On the surface his writings focus on cruelty but in essence aims at cracking the riddle how to avoid it. He argues that only the well combinations of curiosity, kindness, tenderness and ecstasy can keep cruelty at bay and the absence of one of the four factors will surely lead to its occurrence.Besides Introductory and Conclusion, the main body of this dissertation consists of eight chapters. Introductory first makes a brief historical survey of studies on Nabokov in Russia, America and China respectively and then goes on to put forth the theoretical basis of this dissertation and the steps how to develop this dissertation. Chapter One focuses on the contingency of Nabokov as a peculiar individual in language, life and culture. Chapter Two, Three and Four deal with his views on kitsch, individualism and memory respectively. Chapter Five, Six, Seven and Eight analyze his four major novels, namely, Bend Sinister, Lolita, Pnin and Pale Fire, in hopes of bringing his new image to light Last comes Conclusion, winding up my dissertation with the emphasis on cruelty as a major concern in Nobokov’s writing.更多还原