工业共生进化及其技术动因研究

【作者】 郭莉；

【导师】 苏敬勤；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 工业共生是现代工业企业面对环境问题的组织新模式,是指企业之间开展的以经济和环境双赢为目标的资源互补性活动。作为工业共生的直接实践形式,生态工业园已经在全球范围内广泛开展,但同时也暴露出一些现实问题。本文围绕工业共生空间分布形态的进化、模式的进化和技术动因三个专题,阐释了工业共生进化在环境效益、经济效益和技术创新三个角度的内涵,对解决生态工业园的环境扩散效应差、经济效益低、技术创新力薄弱等现实问题具有重要意义。 本文在对企业实地调研和文献回顾的基础上,采用了实证研究和规范研究、定量分析与定性分析相结合的研究方法,融合了产业生态学、生态学、自组织理论、网络组织理论、交易费用经济学、博弈论等相关理论,综合运用了回归分析、因子分析、蒙特卡洛模拟等方法,主要开展了以下三项研究: 第一,提出并实证了工业共生在空间分布上的路径选择。目前学术界对工业共生的研究多聚焦在生态工业园,虽然取得了不少成果,但由于生态工业园本身存在环境扩散效应差等现实问题,如果盲目推崇生态工业园可能导致区域环境改善的片面性。基于此,本文建立了产业生态系统的路径依赖模型,分析了工业共生问题在我国的特殊背景,表明空间分布的路径选择不能一概而论;测算了生态工业园的区域贡献率等指标,揭示了生态工业园的环境拉动效应的局限性,进而探讨了生态工业园和区域副产品交换的异同点,同时发现区域副产品交换可能解决生态工业园的环境扩散效应问题,但区域副产品交换和生态工业园在管理手段、经济效益和环境效益三个方面各有利弊;由此提出并实证了工业共生空间分布的演进路径。本文的目的在于通过对工业共生空间分布形态的进化研究,阐释工业共生进化的环境效益内涵,为解决生态工业园的环境问题提供参考思路。 第二,重点剖析了工业共生的系统稳定性问题。目前有些生态工业园的实施状况并不如预期,其主要原因是由于缺乏对工业共生稳定性的充分考虑。为此,本文按照共生关系的不同,将工业共生划分为平等型、依托型、依赖型和单方获利型四种模式,论述了行为外部性、关键种理论、资产专用性和资源外包理论与工业共生的生成机理之间的内在联系;在此基础上,利用生物学Logistic模型分析了不同工业共生模式的稳定平衡条件,结果表明多样性的缺乏容易导致工业共生进入不稳定平衡状态,进而运用改进的威廉姆森启发性模型剖析了不稳定平衡状态的转换条件,由此构成了工业共生模式从稳定到转换的进化过程。本文的意义在于通过对工业共生模式的进化研究,阐释了工业共生进化的经济效益内涵,解释了由于共生关系不明确而导致的系统失稳问题,对解决系统失稳所产生的经济效益问题具有借鉴意义。 第三,探析了绿色技术创新的作用强度和内外部环境。技术创新和工业共生进化紧密相关,技术创新是工业共生进化的关键动因,又反映工业共生进化的特征,更多还原

【Abstract】 Industrial Symbiosis is the new organization form of modern industrial enterprises facing the environmental problems, which refers to the resource complementary activities between enterprises with the common goal of the win-win of economy and environment. Eco-industrial Park (EIP), considered as the direct practice form of industrial symbiosis, has been implemented all over the world. However, some practical problems are emerging. The paper focuses on the three issues, i.e. the evolution of the space distribution of industrial symbiosis, the evolution of the industrial symbiosis pattern and the technology motives, which respectively corresponds to the environmental effect, the economic effect and the impulse of the technology innovation of industrial symbiosis. The research is of great significance of solving the EIPs’ problem of weak economic performance, the limited difiased effect of environmental performance, and low technology innovation capability.The paper conducts the research by combining the field investigation with Industrial Ecology, Ecology, Self-Organization Theory, Network Organization Theory, Transaction Cost Economics and Game Theory, which makes the combination of normative research and empirical study, as well quantity research and quality research. Through the regression analysis, factor analysis, Monto-Carlo Simulation and other methods, the paper carries on the research from three aspects:Firstly, the space-distribution path-selections of industrial symbiosis are identified and tested. Most of researches remain the domain of EIP, however, due to the environmental problem of EIP, the blindness in the implementation of EIP strategies may results in the regional unilateral environmental improvement. Therefore, the paper establishes the Path-Selection Model of Industrial Ecosystem and analyzes the particular background of space distribution in China; EIP’s regional contribution ratio is calculated and the limit environmental performance of EIP is presented; two paths of EIP and Regional By-Product Exchange (RBX) are proposed and the contrast analysis is performed; and the three evolutional paths are presented. Through the study on the evolution of space distribution, the connotation of industrial symbiosis is identified from the environmental aspect and the EIPs’ problem of limited diffused effect of environmental performance is partly solved.Secondly, the system stability of industrial symbiosis is discussed. The reason of the unsuccessful EIP’s implementation as anticipation is the lack of full considerations of the system stability. Thus, the paper plots out four patterns of industrial symbiosis according to industries’ interactions. The forming conditions are discussed based on the Theory of Outsourcing, Transaction Cost Theory, etc. and the stability conditions are analyzed with the Logistic Model. The result indicates that the lack of diversity leads to the instability status. The transformation condition of the instability status is discussed and thus the evolution of industrial symbiosis pattern from stability to transformation is completed. The study of the evolution process of industrial symbiosis pattern presents the connotation of industrial symbiosis from the economic aspect and the problem of weak economic performance due to the system stability is partly solved.Thirdly, the technology motives and the inner and outer environment of industrial更多还原