【作者】 焦艳华；

【导师】 程侣柏； 李宗石；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 应用化学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 在能源同趋紧张的今天,降低驱油成本,开发廉价有效的强化采油配方,显得更有远大的意义。常规木质素磺酸盐在三次采油中只能用作牺牲剂或助表面活性剂,用作驱油剂时必须和石油磺酸盐或重烷基苯磺酸盐等主表面活性剂复配,才能达到超低油水界面张力。为了降低驱油的成本,本文以造纸工业的副产物——碱木素为原料,设计并合成了一类具有全新结构的、高活性的改性木质素磺酸盐表面活性剂,其结构具有较宽的可调整性,结构通式为:首次得到了宽范围条件下,可以单独用于三次采油的驱油用木质素主表面活性剂,大大降低了驱油剂的成本。探索并研究了一条可行的改性合成路线,包括:与短碳链脂肪多胺的曼尼希反应、与长碳链脂肪酰氯的酰化反应以及磺甲基化反应。通过Kjeldahl化学定氮法、红外光谱、薄层色谱和气相色谱等分析方法对各步反应的产物进行了分析,并研究了温度、时间和投料配比等因素对反应的影响,给出了最佳的反应条件。 通过改变木质素的种类、酰化反应的投料比以及脂肪酰氯的碳链长度等参数,合成了40只不同的改性木质素磺酸盐产品。并对系列产品进行了表面张力的测试,得到这些改性木质素磺酸盐的临界胶束浓度值大约在2.6～4.7g/L的范围内,临界胶束浓度下的表面张力为28～38mN/m。与文献中报道的未改性木质素磺酸盐相比较,降低了8～20mN/m。并研究了影响改性产品表面活性的多种因素,探索了改性产品结构与其表面活性间的关系。试验证实,木质素分子间的交联反应对改性产品的表面活性具有不利影响,而亲水、亲油基团的引入对表面活性具有改善作用。 采用旋转滴界面张力仪对系列改性木质素磺酸盐与胜利原油、大庆原油间的界面张力进行了测试。系统研究了影响界面张力动态特征的多种因素及改性木质素磺酸盐结构与其界面活性间的关系。实验结果表明,对于每一只改性产品,都存在一更多还原

【Abstract】 Recently energy becomes more deficient day after day. It is highly important to lower the cost of recovering oil and utilize supplemental recovery techniques to recover the oil remaining in the reservoir. Though the application of lignin and its derivatives in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has been developed, yet they only just play the role as a sacrificial agent and co-surfactant in EOR. The interfacial tension at the crude oil-surfactant solution interface could be ultra-low only when be blended with the major surfactant, such as petroleum sulfonate. To lower the cost of surfactant flooding, a series of novel modified lignosulfonates starting from wood and straw kraft lignin, via Mannich reaction with aliphatic polyamine, acylation with aliphatic acid chloride and sulfomethylation were synthesized. The chemical identity of the product is represented by the general formula:The product from each reaction is analyzed by Kjeldahl nitrogen analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, TLC and GC, et al. And the reaction condition is optimized after a series of experiments on the relative influential factors, such as temperature, reaction time and ratio of reactants.40 products are synthesized by the variation of modification parameters, which are the species of lignin, reaction ratios of Mannich Reaction and acylation, and the number of carbon atoms in aliphatic acyl chloride. The surface tension measurements of the product solution at different surfactant concentrations were done at room temperature, and the critical micellar concentration (CMC) values and the surface tension (γcmc) values of each product were measured. The CMC values of modified products were in a range of 2.6~4.7g/L, the corresponding surface tension (γcmc) values were 28~38mN/m.Compared with the surface tension of the unmodified lignosulfonate, the surface tension (γcmc) values of the modified lignosulfonates have reduced by 10~20mN/m. It has been known that the crosslinking between更多还原