【作者】 田明华；

【导师】 翟中齐；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 林业经济管理， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 森林兼具生态、经济、社会效益。但长期以来,人类虽然逐步认识到了森林的生态、社会效益的重要性,也采取了相应的措施保持和发展森林的公益功能,但是不论是在市场经济体制还是计划经济体制下,森林资源都没有正确合理地纳入经济运行体系当中,突出表现为森林资源的大幅度毁灭和人类生态环境的不断恶化。因此必须全面认识森林资源的功能和价值,重新构造森林资源的利用体系和利用机制。在以市场经济为基础的今天,如何将森林资源纳入市场运作体系,重构以森林为经营对象的林业,是摆在我们面前的一项重大课题。该文第一大部分,在综述前人研究的基础上,比较系统地总结了森林资源的经济、生态、社会功能,回顾了人类对自然资源包括森林资源从无价值到有价值的认识历程,批判了当前几种自然资源价值论,以马克思的劳动价值论解释森林资源的价值,讨论了其价值形成与价值量决定和价值分摊与补偿,为解决森林资源纳入市场运作体系提供了理论依据。该文第二大部分,对我国森林资源进行了投入产出分析,认为总体上我国森林资源生产和再生产存在投入不足、产出效率低下、投入产出不均衡等问题。该文还对不同时期我国森林资源投入产出进行了分析和评价,以考察体制因素对森林资源投入产出的影响。该文还选取了当前市场经济条件下商品林业生产的十几个典型案例进行了投入产出分析,这些案例基本涵盖了我国主要林业地区的主要树种。同时归纳了生态林业生态效益经济计量的理论和方法,选取了我国主要的林业生态工程对森林生态效益进行了计量和评价。由此从宏观和微观两个角度对我国森林资源投入产出有了明确认识。该文第三大部分,讨论了森林资源的经济学特性及对纳入市场运作体系的影响,对影响森林资源纳入市场运作体系的难点如培育生产周期长、外部性、产权等问题做了重点分析。在总结归纳国内外森林资源经营管理理论基础上,对我国林业进行了基本定位,认为市场机制是我国林业发展的基础机制,分类经营是森林资源纳入市场运作体系的必由之路。该文第四大部分,对当前我国主要林业政策进行了分析与评价。其中包括林业税费政策、森林采伐限额政策、林地林权政策、森林生态环境效益补偿政策、全民义务植树政策等,对各项政策从理论和实践两个方面进行了分析,并借鉴国外做法,结合我国实践提出了具体的改进建议。最后该文在前几部分研究的基础上,构造了我国森林资源纳入市场运作体系的制度框架,包括商品林业运作制度框架和生态林业运作制度框架,对商品林业建设提出了取消商品林的采伐管理制度,落实产权,放开商品林经营;推进林地使用权的流转,开放林地市场;改革价格与税费制度,减轻森林经营者的负担;提高林业补贴,加大国家对林业扶持力度;积极争取和用好银行的贷款,拓展商品林业对外融资渠道;放手发展非更多还原

【Abstract】 Forest has ecological, economic and social benefits. Over a long period of time, mankindis aware of the importance of forest ecological and social benefits gradually, and has takenaction to keep and develop the public welfare function of forest, but forest resources have notbeen brought into economy system correctly either in planned economy or market economy.This results large destructing of forests and continual worsening of environment. So thefunction and value of forest should be recognized in an all-round way, and the utilizingsystem and mechanism of forest resources should be established again. Now the marketeconomy is our basic economic system, how to bring the forest resources into market system,and how to rebuild the forestry, is a great project for study.In part one, based on the former studies, this thesis sums up systematically the ecological,economic and social function of forest, reviews the recognition course of forest value,criticizes some theories about value of natural resources. Then it explains the value of forestwith the theory of Marx’s labor value, discusses the value form and decision, the valueapportionment and compensation. Therefore the theory foundation to bring forest resourcesinto market system is set up.In part two, this thesis makes an input and output analysis for forest resources in China.It analyses the problems of lack input, low output efficiency and imbalance between input andoutput in production and reproduction of forest resources in China. This thesis also studies theinput and output of forest resources in different periods to see about the influences ofinstitutional factors. Then it chooses some present cases of commercial forests covering majorspecies of major forest regions to make input and output analysis, and concludes the theoryand method of economic measurement for ecological benefit of ecological forests, chooses themajor ecological programs in China to measure and evaluate the ecological benefit of forest.So we can definitely know the input and output of forest resources in China in macroscopicand microscopic point of view.In part three, this thesis discusses the economical characteristics of forest resources andtheir influence for forest resources being brought into market system, and pay great attentionto the difficulties such as too long production cycle, externality and forest property right. Withthe summing-up of domestic and foreign forest management theories, this thesis describes thebasic role the forestry in China, points out that the marketing mechanism is the base offorestry development in China, and the classified management is the only way for forestresources being brought into market system.In part four, this thesis analyzes and assesses the major present forestry policies in China更多还原