【作者】 包木太；

【导师】 王修林； 牟伯中；

【作者基本信息】 青岛海洋大学 ， 海洋化学， 2001， 博士

【摘要】 我国东部的主要油田已进入高含水期,目前普遍面临着开采难度大、成本高、采收率低等难题和巨大压力。微生物采油技术较传统的三次采油技术具有适用范围广、工艺简单、经济效益好,成为目前具有良好发展前景的采油技术。它的应用和推广对我国老油田的“挖潜增效”和“稳产战略”意义重大,对我国石油工业的可持续性发展有十分积极的意义。 本论文的研究工作得到了国家自然科学基金项目(批号:59974014)“采油微生物代谢作用及产物对采收率影响的研究”、中国石油中青年科技创新基金(批号:中油科技字[1999]第39号)“微生物代谢产物对提高采收率的影响”和大港油田重点科技项目(批号:99KG05-05)“微生物驱油机理及数值模拟研究”的联合资助。 论文的研究内容分为四部分。第一部分是文献综述;第二部分是微生物代谢产物作用及生物作用;第三部分是微生物驱油实验室物理模拟研究。第四部分是结论与认识。 本论文针对微生物驱油技术的核心理论问题,以解决现场实际问题为目标,第一次深入研究了以烃类为唯一碳源、嗜热、兼性厌氧微生物与原油的作用,代谢作用及产物对界面性质的影响,微生物在多孔介质中的生长繁殖与运移规律以及代谢产物组分和产量对采收率的贡献。所取得的创新性研究成果是: 1)建立了系统的、以现代仪器分析与化学分析手段相结合为特征的微生物驱油机理的研究方法,解决了该须域在研究方法上长期存在的一个难题。 2)提出了N80菌代谢产生鼠李糖脂表面活性剂的假想结构。 3)针对以烃类为唯一碳源、嗜热、兼性厌氧的采油微生物,确定了与提高采收率直接相关的代谢产物的类型,并建立了代谢产物组分和产量对提高采收率贡献的模型。 4)通过对色谱进样系统的改进,系统地研究了微生物降解作用对原油的组分变化以及凝固点和粘度的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 A large number of production wells in oil fields located in east parts of China has already entered into the high water cut, and it now confronts with the difficulty and great pressure in such aspects as difficult exploitation, high cost and low recovery. MEOR (microbial enhanced oil recovery) has some characteristics such as abroad application, simple technics and good benefits compared with other traditional tertiary EOR technologies. It becomes the favorable EOR method. Its application and development will play a vital rule in crude oil increase and petroleum industry sustainable development of our country.The thesis was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant: 59974014), Sci. & Tech. Innovation Foundation for Youth in CNPC (grant: [1999] No39) and key Sci. & Tech. project of Dagang Oilfield Company (grant: 99KG05-05).The content of this thesis was divided into four parts: the first part is literature summarization; the second part is microbial metabolites and biological effect; the third part is research of physical simulation of MEOR; the last part is conclusion.For the aim at field technical problems and the heart theory, mechanisms of microbial waterflooding used thermophilic-facultative bacteria utilizing hydrocarbons as sole carbon-source have been firstly studied. It covers the physicochemical and biochemical process of bacteria with crude oil, the effect of microbial metabolism and metabolic products on interfacial performance, the growth and migration of bacteria in porous medium as well as contributive metabolites on oil recover. The primary contributions of this research are:1. For the first time, a systematic method for studying the mechanism of microbial waterflooding has been established, which was a difficult problem in the regarding field.2. A hypothetical structure of Rhamnolipid metabolized by microorganism N80 has been suggested.3. Components of metabolic products related to microorganisms used thermophilic-facultative bacteria utilizing hydrocarbons as sole carbon-source were outlined and a new model for the contribution of MEOR of metabolites has been developed.4. By adding the molecular sieve to cavity at chromatogram, series results of crude oil before and after degradation have been investigated systematically, including freezing point and viscosity.5. It is revealed in half-quantitative about microorganism "in situ growth" effects and wettability on interfacial performance in MEOR. A micro-model of oil film denudation was developed.6. The law of growth and migration of bacteria in porous medium has been found. Build the new methods of mechanism of MEOR. These methods provided a evaluation system for MEOR efficiency research.The results of this thesis will definitely provide a support for development of novel bacteria species and application of microbial waterflooding with both theoretical and technical support; they will also play a vital role in industrialization of microbial enhanced oil recovery in our country. The research results in this thesis have already used to design MEOR field trials of Guan-69 block in Dagang Oil Field, the field trials are carrying on in Guan-69 block now.更多还原