【作者】 张淑玲；

【导师】 吴忠文； 王贵宾；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 高分子化学与物理， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 本文以尼龙1010 为基体,热塑性聚氨酯弹性体为增韧剂,自制的多嵌段共聚物为增容剂通过熔融共混法制备了一系列尼龙1010/热塑性聚氨酯弹性体共混物,目的是将其应用于汽车的刹车管和输油管中。本文通过万能拉力机、冲击试验机和扫描电镜研究了共混物的力学性能和增韧机理;通过红外光谱研究了共混体系的相互作用,并通过共混体系的流变行为和动态力学分析对其相互作用进行进一步的佐证,同时使用小角X 射线散射手段对共混体系的相容性进行了研究;因为共混物在实际使用过程中其力学性能强烈地依赖于聚合物体系结晶速度和结晶的完善程度,为了考察共混体系的组分比对结晶速度和结晶的完善程度的影响,采用了差示扫描量热法对共混体系的结晶动力学和结晶后的熔融行为进行了研究。通过实验发现,改性后的尼龙1010 确实在冲击性能方面有了实质性的改观,并且改性方法简单易行,成本较低,有望于以后将其应用于汽车的刹车管和输油管中。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, the number of the tubes used in vehicle brake and lubricant oil system sharp increased with the development of the vehicle industry in China. Now the material used in producing the tubes of vehicle brake and lubricant oil system is nylon 11, although nylon 11 has been investigated for a few years in China, the commercial production did not appear. The total amount of the imported nylon 11 is about 2000 ton every year. Nylon 1010 is the particular polyamide in China and the total output is about 3000 ton every year, but the production type of Nylon 1010 is relatively single, so the amount of its distribution is very small. It is worthy to note that the some properties of nylon 1010 are equal to or are prior to those of nylon 11, but the notch impact strength of nylon 1010 is the lower, so its application is restricted. In order to extend the application scope of nylon 1010 and replace nylon 11, we modified on nylon 1010. Polymer blend is a modifying method by which the new material of possessing the appointed property can be obtained. In paper we used nylon 1010 and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer as the matrix and the toughening agent respectively and used the synthetically multi-block copolymer as the compatibilizer. The new material obtained by the above three polymer blend is expected to apply in the tubes of vehicle brake and lubricant oil system. In paper we prepared a series of PA1010/TPU blends by melt extrusion. The influence of the type, the stiffness, the content of TPU and the content of compatibilizer on the properties of the blends was investigated detailedly. For nylon 1010, the addition of based-ether TPU and based-ester TPU can effectively improve the impact strength of the blends. The better the modified effect is, the larger the addition of TPU is. By comparison, the modified effect of based-ester TPU is better than that of based-ether TPU. When we discussed on the toughening mechanism, we found the toughening mechanism of the blend was differ from that of pure nylon 1010. Namely the toughening mechanism of the blend not only consists of a usual crazing with shear-yield mechanism but also consists of a new fracture mechanism. The compatibility between polymers is the key factor which decided the morphology and property of the blends, whereas the interaction between polymers is the direct reason which decided the compatibility of the blends. Realizing the interaction and compatibility between polymers will help to comprehend the change of the mechanical property of the blends. The result of FTIR, DMA and rheological behavior proved the physical and chemical interaction between polymers. The change of the thickness of the amorphous phase of the blend acts as the judging criterion of the compatibility between polymers, which almost is very suitable. The thickness of the amorphous phase of the blends increased with increasing the addition amount of TPU,which may ascribe that the amorphous TPU is dispersedbetween the lamellar crystals of PA1010 forming the new amorphous zone with the amorphous PA1010, so the thickness of the amorphous phase becomes large with the addition of TPU. This is an effectively judging criterion for the PA1010/TPU blend system. Nylon 1010 is a kind of semi-crystalline polymer and the range of its crystallization is between the Tg and Tm. The mechanical property of polymer powerfully depends on the rate and the perfection degree of crystallization, whereas the rate and the perfection degree of crystallization nearly correlate to the process condition, so the discussion on the crystallization kinetics and the melting behavior is very important. For the PA1010/TPU blend system, the result of the isothermal crystallization kinetics and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics is the same, namely the total crystallization speed of nylon 1010 decreases with the addition of TPU and the lower the crystallization speed is, the larger the addition amount of TPU is. For the PA1010/TPU blend system, the influence of the addition amount of TPU on the two melting peaks is the same under the given crystallization temperature or the given cooling rate, namely the two melting peaks shift to the lower temperature with increasing the addition amount of TPU. The influence of the crystallization temperature and the cooling rate on the two melting peaks is the same under the given composition, namely the change of the crystallization temperature and the cooling rate only result in the change of the melting peak of the lower temperature. In a word, the addition of TPU certainly can improve the notch impact strength of nylon 1010, and the modified method is simple and feasible as well as the cost is the更多还原