【作者】 杨元刚；

【导师】 潘文国；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 本文运用认知语言学、对比语言学、语用学和翻译学的基本原理,就英汉词语的文化语义进行对比研究。笔者从哲学语言学的角度,在论文中首次提出并阐释了自己构建的语言认知观、语言——文化互动认识论、认知语义观、多级语言符号系统说和交际翻译观,这五个论点是我们进行英汉文化语义对比研究的哲学基础(请参阅论文所附32个图表清单)。笔者构想的英汉对比文化语义学是词汇层次的英汉对比文化语义学。我们认为词语的文化语义是主客观互动的产物,是不同民族语言使用者的思维成果和文化心理在语言中符号化、外在化的结果。从方法论上,笔者主张从客观现实——语言认知媒介——主观心理感知这三者之间的互动中去研究词语的文化语义。我们认为语言是外在的客观世界、语言符号系统本身、语言使用者民族文化精神三者长期互动的结果。本文探讨了词语文化语义的定义、三个研究原则、四个特征、五种分类和英汉词语文化语义的四种照应模式和翻译方法,分析了英汉文化语义形成的五个原因,然后总结了英汉词语文化语义的研究意义,从而建立了英汉对比文化语义学的基本理论框架。本文重点探讨了一个民族的哲学元典精神—哲学观—民族文化精神—思维模式—语言特征—交际模式之间的相互关系和影响:第一章《绪论》首先探讨了语言认知观的含义,我们认为语言学是一门人文科学,语言能力是人类认知能力的一部分,语言是一个民族观察、认识和表述世界的方式和过程,语言既是一个民族内在的文化精神外在化的呈现方式,又是外在的客观世界进入人类认知视域的有效通道,任何一种语言都是由语言符号系统本身—外在的客观认识对象—语言使用者三者共同作用的结果,语言的人文属性就是语言使用者的民族文化精神的反映,一个民族的语言在整体上映射着本民族的世界观和思维方式,我们应该本着平衡性、动态性、整体性等三个原则对语一言的多维属性进行研究。其次,我们对文化的定义进行了梳理和重新界定,认为文化就是人类心智的对象化和外化,是人的本质力量的显现和积淀,是人类社会历史实践过程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和,本文分析了文化的三个分层(物质层、制度层、精神层)和六个特征(时空性、互动性、载体性、对象性、动态性、外显性)。第三,我们分析了思维能力、思维媒介、思维模式和思维方法四者之间的差异和辩证关系,探讨了萨王尔一沃尔夫假说的学术渊源及认识价值,然后我们分析了语言和文化之间的互动关系,并剖析了中西方民族不同的元典精神—哲学观—思维模式—语言特征—交际模式之间的辩证关系和相互影响,并在语言认知观的基础上构建了语言一文化互动认识论。本章还对词语文化语义进行界定,分析了词语文化语义的四个特征(民族性、时一代性、隐含性、关联性),总结了词语文化语义的研究三个原则(共时和历时相结合、描写和解释、理论和实践相结合)和研究目的,阐释了英汉对比文化语义学的基本研究思路。 语言一文化互动认识论认为语言是人类思维的主要媒介和人类文化的有效载体,语义是形式和内容、主观和客观互动的产物,一种语言的语法特点和语义特点是该语言使用民族的思维模式和认知心理外在化的结果。从文化的角度去观照语言,语言是一种社会文化现象,语言是文化的载体和编码符号系统,文化则是语言的深层构建机制和模塑工具,一个民族的文化精神制约着一个民族语言的形成和发展轨迹(其中起决定性作用的是一个民族的哲学元典精神),语言的人文特性是这个语言使用民族的文化精神和语言系统组织规律二者长期互动的演化结果,所以研究一种语言必须首先了解这种语言背后所蕴藏的民族文化精神—尤其是其中的哲学元典精神。另一方面,从语言的角度去观照文化,语一言是构成文化大系统中比较有影响的基础子系统,语言是反映民族文化的一面镜子,一个民族语言的形式组织规律和语义特征反映了一个民族的文化精神,在语言系统的编码方式中蕴藏着一个民族的文化精神和认知方式,语言的人文属性就是一个民族的认知属性。哲学元典精神是一个民族文化精神的内核和原动力,中西方民族不同的哲学元典精神(东方的道和西方的Logos)孕育了中西方民族不同的哲学观和民族文化精神,东方的道孕育了中华民族的天人合一的哲学观,天人合一的哲学观又孕育了中华民族的悟性思维和形象思维,而西方的Logos孕育了西方民族的主客二分的哲学观,主客二分的哲学观又孕育了西方民族的理性思维和抽象思维,然后它们又进一步塑造了英汉两种语言不同的语法形态特点、文字体系和内蕴动力机制,民族文化精神、思维模式、语言特征和交际模式四者相互影响,它们是语言研究中四个有机的环节,缺一不可。 第二章文献综述部分探讨了词语文化语义的本质和形成的哲学基础,笔者分析了西方语言哲学中七种意义理论(指称论、观念论、用法论、关系论、行为论、因果论和概念论等)的得失,然后提出了自己的认知语义观:本文认为词义是客观性与主观性的统一、形式与内容的统一,词语的文化语义是认识主体的人和客观世界之间互动的产物,是特定的民族文化精神通过语一言这个认知符号外在化后所形成的结果。文化语义研究?更多还原

【Abstract】 According to cognitive linguistics, pragmatics, translation studies and Sino-English contrastive linguistics, this dissertation has made a systematic contrast of the cultural lexical meaning between Chinese and English in a cognitive perspective. First of all, the author has advanced some initiative philosophical views about the Sino-English contrastive cultural semantics, which include the cognitive view of language, the language-culture interactional epistemology, the multi-level semiotic system theory, the cognitive view of cultural semantic study and the communicative view of translation, (please refer to the appendix of the 31 charts which offers a panorama of the theoretic framework of this paper) The prospective Sino-English contrastive cultural semantics focuses on the research of the lexical cultural meaning, and it is held that words’ cultural meaning is a mixture of the interaction between the subjective world of the language users and the objective world where they live, i.e., it is the externalization of different language users’ thinking results and cultural mentalities. Methodologically, the author insists that words’ cultural meanings should be surveyed through the interaction between the objective reality, the cognitive thinking media and the language users’ subjective perception. It is believed that language is an evolutional result of the external objective reality, the linguistic semiotic system and the ethnic culture of the language users.After talking over the definition of words’ cultural meaning and its four features, this dissertation has outlined three research principles for cultural semantic study. According to the paper, words’ cultural meanings can be classified into five kinds, and the author has analyzed philosophically the five socio-cultural factors, which have caused and formulated words’ cultural meanings. It is revealed that the canonized philosophical spirits, i.e., Tao and Logos, have played the roles of primitive force in shaping the cultural spirits of different nations and their thinking modes which channel reversely different developmental paths for words’ cultural meanings. The paper points out that words’ cultural meanings could be translated in four methods and at three levelsof information according to the four summarized translation principles. As a result, a basic framework of the Sino-English contrastive cultural semantics has been set up through great efforts.The framework of the language-culture interactional epistemology:Canonized philosophical spirits→ philosophical worldviews→national spirit → thinking mode→Harmony between→ethical moral-centred→meditativeEast: TaoHeaven and Man culture thinkingWest: LogosDichotomy between →scientific ration-centred --rationalHeaven and Man culture thinkingmeditative thinking →heterogeneous linguistic view → hypotaxis-overt linguistic view rational thinking →homogeneous linguistic view→ parataxis-covert meditative thinking →imaginative thinking → logograph →high-motivated,implicitly expressedsemanticsrational thinking→ abstract thinking→phonograph→ low-motivated,explicitly expressed rmeditative thinking→ holistic thinking →induction→ high-context communication rational thinking →logic analytic thinking →deduction →low-context communicationChapter One aims at establishing the philosophical basis of contrastive cultural semantics: the language-culture interactional epistemology. First, after analyzing the definition of the cognitive view of language, the author believes that linguistic study is a kind of human science whose multi-dimensional properties worthy of further research according to the balanced, the holistic and the dynamic principles, meanwhile human’s linguistic ability is assumed to be a part of their whole cognitive configuration and competence, through which people can only observe, realize and describe the outside world. Language is a petrified manifestation of a nation’s cultural spirit, and functionsas an effective channel through which the outside objective world will come into huma更多还原