【作者】 徐耀辉；

【导师】 焦新安；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 预防兽医学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 鸡沙门氏菌病分为三类:由鸡白痢沙门氏菌引起的鸡白痢、由鸡伤寒沙门氏菌引起的鸡伤寒,以及由与人类食物中毒密切相关的不同血清群沙门氏菌引起的鸡副伤寒。鸡白痢沙门氏菌与鸡伤寒沙门氏菌都是鸡的具有重大经济意义的病原,而鸡副伤寒还具有重要的公共卫生意义。因此加强对这三类沙门氏菌病的监测尤为重要。截止目前,对鸡沙门氏菌病,尤其是对鸡白痢和鸡伤寒还无有效的疫苗可用。控制鸡白痢、鸡伤寒最有效的措施是严格的管理和根除计划。长期以来,常常使用玻片凝集试验检测鸡白痢、鸡伤寒的抗体,但该方法敏感性有限,况且依据抗原质量不同常常出现不稳定结果。 田间调查和实验室工作已证明垂直传播亦是副伤寒沙门氏菌在鸡群传播的重要途径,禽类是那些通过食物链传给人群的副伤寒沙门氏菌最重要的贮藏库。因此,鉴定和清除感染的父母代鸡群尤其重要。必须对禽群采取措施防止食物源疾病传给人群。细菌学检查法在鉴定间歇排菌或不排菌的沙门氏菌感染鸡群时不够敏感。近年来,酶联免疫吸附试验已用于多种鸡副伤寒抗体的检测,但由于副伤寒沙门氏菌抗原种类众多,一种ELISA方法往往难以检出所有副伤寒沙门氏菌的感染抗体,因而使得鸡群中副伤寒流行状况尚不能准确估计。鸡白痢沙门氏菌与鸡伤寒沙门氏菌对鸡的致病性不同,故对两种细菌的区分对于流行病学调查和预防来说至关重要。长期以来常根据生化特性的不同对两者进行区分,但现有报道出现了同时能使鸟氨酸脱羧和发酵卫矛醇,即生化特性呈中间型的菌株,难以对其进行生化分型。更多还原

【Abstract】 Salmonellosis in chickens can be classified into three diseases: pullorum disease caused by Salmonella pullorum, fowl typhoid caused by Salmonella gallinarum and paratyphoid infections due to a diverse group of serovars related to foodborne illness in humans. Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarum are economically important pathogens of chickens, and the threat of paratyphoid to public health is present. There is no effective vaccines in protecting against infections with salmonellae in chickens, especially for pullorum disease and fowl typhoid. The most valid means of control of pullorum disease and fowl typhoid is a combination of stringent management procedures and eradication. For many years, the slide agglutination test has been used to monitor the specific antibody caused by Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarum, however the sensitivity of this methods is limited. Slide agglutination test can yield erratic results, which can be dependent on antigen quality.Results of field and experimental investigations have confirm that vertical transmission is also a very important route of infection for these paratyphoid salmonellae, making identification and elimination of infected parent flocks particularly important. Poultry is one of the most important reservoirs of paratyphoid salmonellae that can be transmitted to humans through the food-chain. Effective measures must betaken to prevent food-borne transmission of disease to humans. Bacteriological methods may not be sufficiently sensitive to identify salmonella-infected flocks showing intermittent or no excretion of the bacteria. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods have been developed for the detection of specific serum antibodies to paratyphoid salmonellae. Up to now, there is not an ELISA method which could detect the antibodies to all sorts of paratyphoid salmonellae owing to the variety of their antigens. So, it is difficult to realize exactly the prevalence status of paratyphoid Salmonellae in chicken flocks. Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarum are responsible for distinctly different diseases in chickens, and the differentiation between them is critical from both epidemiological and preventive aspects. The two biotypes are generally differentiated on the basis of biochemical characteristics, however intermediate strains which are dulcitol and ornithine decarboxylase positive have been reported, which brings difficulty to typing these strains.1. Development of blocking ELISA for the diagnosis of pullorum disease and fowl typhoid by using peroxidase-labelled monoclonal antibody and Salmonella pullorum lipopolysaccharideA peroxidase-labelled monoclonal antibody blocking ELISA was developed for diagnosing pullorum disease and fowl typhoid. The test measured the inhibition of binding between a peroxidase-labeled, monoclonal antibody 3-47-0 and Salmonella pullorum lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Good discrimination was observed between 72 proven pullorum disease sera (98.5+4.0% inhibition) and nonpullorum disease sera. The latter consisted of 54 sera negative for pullorum disease (15.3 ±8.0% inhibition) and 42 sera of SPF chicken (10.8 ±7.2% inhibition). Chickens infected with S. pullorum was monitored serologically by this assay from one through eight weeks. From the second week after infection, 100% of the chickens were serologically positive by blocking ELISA, which was one week earlier than PAT. The high specificity and sensitivity of blocking ELISA was further verified by detection of 344 clinical sera with parallelly conducted PAT. Meanwhile, the assay potentially detects those systemic infections caused by salmonellae that possess common antigen to Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarum .2. Development of blocking ELISA for the diagnosis of fowl paratyphoid by using peroxidase-labelled monoclonal antibody and salmonella flagellinsA peroxidase-labelled monoclonal antibody blocking ELISA was developed for diagnosing fowl paratyphoid. The test measured the inhibition of binding between a labeled, monoclonal ant更多还原