【作者】 高云峰；

【导师】 秦富；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 本研究总结、归纳了有关价值的相关理论,同时对价值理论在森林资源评价方面的运用进行了研究和分析。选择和运用了相关价值理论和评价方法针对北京山区森林资源的价值,即使用价值和非使用价值,进行了较为全面、完整的价值评价。 通过实地调查和文献检索获得森林资源数据、生态观测资料和市场价格数据,运用市场价值法、等效替代法、效益转移法对北京山区的林地、林木的直接使用价值和涵养水源、保育土壤、净化环境、固碳制氧、防护价值、游憩价值和生物多样性保护等间接使用价值进行了评价。 采用CVM方法对北京山区森林资源的非使用价值进行了评价。按北京市各区县城乡居民人口比重进行随机抽样,1000份入户调查获得了CVM所需的基础数据。采用SPSS和Excel软件对调查结果进行统计分析,运用Logit和Tobit模型对相关影响因素进行了分析。 通过运用以上理论和方法所进行的研究,获得了相关研究结果。 ● 北京山区森林资源具有巨大的经济和生态效益,年产出价值为139.16亿元,其中主要是森林资源的环境服务等间接使用价值,占91.21%。而目前这些巨大的森林环境服务效益在国民经济核算中未予考虑,需要采取适当的措施将这些外部效益内部化。 ● 以5%的贴现率进行贴现后,2003年北京山区森林资源价值的现值为3143.51亿元,其中使用价值为2974.96亿元,占94.64%;非使用价值为168.55亿元,占5.36%。在使用价值中,森林环境服务等间接使用价值非常高,占90.32%,是林地、林木的直接使用价值的9.33倍;而在森林资源间接使用价值中,生物多样性价值的比重最大(44%),其次是涵养水源的价值(39%),然后是净化环境的价值(14%)。在非使用价值中,主要表现为存在价值,占57%;其次是遗产价值,占24%;然后是选择价值,占19%。 ● 北京山区森林资源的价值具有附属和动态变化特性。森林资源价值直接受其自身数量和质量的影响。另一方面,森林资源价值评价也受市场价格和人们支付能力与环境意识的影响。长期来看,随着社会经济的不断发展,人们的收入水平和环保意识的不断提高,人们对森林资源产品与服务的支付意愿将呈现出增长趋势。 研究结果具有较强的政策含义,对于树立正确的森林价值观、认识北京山区森林资源对首都经济发展的贡献、促进山区与城市协调发展、实现首都经济可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study values the forest resources in mountainous area of Beijing using innovatively the basic theory and methods with regard to the value of forest resources on the basis of the comprehensive review for the meanings and classification of forest resources’ value and their valuation methods. The research results will be meaningful to establish the correct forest value view, identify the contributions of forest resources in mountainous area of Beijing to the economic development of the Capital, promote the harmonious development between mountainous area and urban district of Beijing and reach the goal of socioeconomic sustainable development in the Capital.The seven mountainous counties of Beijing are chosen as case study area. The data concerning the forest resources, ecological observation and market price are collected. The direct use value of wooded land and standing timber and the indirect use value of forest environmental services such as watershed protection, soil protection, carbon sequestration and oxygen generation, environment purification, agricultural land protection, forest recreation and biodiversity protection are evaluated using market price method, substitution method and benefit transfer method. The non-use value of forest resources in mountainous area of Beijing are also evaluated using contingent valuation method (CVM). The investigation questionnaire is designed based on the principle of CVM and one thousand urban and rural households in Beijing are investigated in accordance with the random sample rules. The investigation data are analyzed using the software of SPSS and Excel. The affecting factors of the willingness to pay obtained by CVM are analyzed using the Logit model and Tobit model. The main analysis results are as follows:· The forest resources in mountainous area of Beijing have huge economic and environmental benefits. It is evaluated 13.91 billion yuan annually in money term, most of which is forest environmental service value, accounting for 91.21%. However, the benefit of these environmental services is not considered in the system of national economic account. The appropriated measures should be taken to internalize these external benefits.· The total present value of forest resources mountainous area of Beijing is 314.35 billion yuan in 2003 at the discount rate 5%, of which, the use value is 297.50 billion yuan, accounting for 94.64%; the nonuse value is 16.85 billion yuan, accounting for 536%. Of the use value, the dominant is indirect use value of forest environmental services, accounting for 90.32%, being as 9.33 times as the direct use value of wooded land and standing timber; Of the indirect use value, the first is the value of biodiversity protection (44%), the next is watershed protection (39%) and the third is purification environment (14%). Of the nonuse value, the dominant is the existence value, accounting for 57%; the next is bequest value, 24%; the last is the option value, 19%.· The value of forest resources in mountainous area of Beijing is affiliated and dynamic. Thequantity and quality of forest resource are the direct factors that affect its value. The concerned market prices selected for substitution are also important affecting factors. The payment ability and environmental awareness are the key factors that affect the willingness to pay for forest products and services. In the long-term, the willingness to pay for forest products and services will increase with the socioeconomic development and the improvement of income and environmental awareness.The outstanding of this paper are the following: It is the first time to make a comprehensive and systematic evaluation for the direct use value, indirect use value, existence value, option value and bequest value of the forest resources in mountainous area of Beijing, especially using CVM to evaluate the nonuse value, which fills up the gap of existing concerned researches. In addition, the scale of investigation is one thousand, greater than others. And the further econometric analysis is done to expl更多还原