【作者】 侯加林；

【导师】 王一鸣；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 农业电气化与自动化， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 本文以大量的温室试验数据资料为基础,通过对试验数据进行整理分析,根据作物生理生态学理论和温室番茄生长的机理,分别建立了温室番茄生长发育、叶序发育、器官建成、叶面积动态、肥料效应、光合作用、干物质积累与分配以及产量形成等模拟模型。主要研究内容如下: 1.依据番茄生理学的基本原理,以温室内的环境参数为模型变量,建立了温室番茄生长发育的非线性模型。该模型描述了温室内温度、日照长度长及CO₂浓度等环境因子对番茄发育速度的影响,模型具有良好的解释能力和较高的精度。利用试验数据资料对模型进行检验,模拟结果表明:对不同生育阶段的模拟,绝对误差均在3天之内,平均相对误差小于4%。 2.番茄叶序发育的非线性模拟模型描述了温度及CO₂浓度对番茄出叶速率的影响,模型具有良好的解释能力和较高的精度。利用试验数据资料对模型进行检验,模拟结果表明:绝对误差均在1片叶之内,平均相对误差小于2%。 3.以有效积温（生理发育时间）为驱动变量,研究了日光温室番茄叶片、叶面积指数、果实的发生发展及其消长动态。它们在整个生长期的变化动态可以描述为分段函数。一部分生长发育趋势呈线性关系,另一部分生长发育趋势符合Logistic曲线。 4.采用了先进的近代优化算法,建立了番茄产量与施肥量之间的数学模型,模型描述了氮、磷、钾肥对番茄产量的影响,通过对模型解析,可以算出土壤供应养分量、所施肥料的利用率、不同养分的增产效应及不同养分肥料配合施用的交互效应、最高产量及最高产量施肥量、经济产量及经济产量施肥量,作为科学施肥的依据。 5.以光合作用为基础,建立了温室番茄光合生产动态模拟模型,模型有叶面积动态、温室冠丛光分布、单叶光合作用、冠丛光合作用、呼吸消耗和同化物在各器官中的分配等模型组成,同时考虑了温室内的环境（温度、CO₂浓度及水分）的影响。结果表明,温室番茄各生育阶段干物质积累量的实测值与模拟值的相对误差在-3.0—10.0%之间,模拟值与实测值具有较好的一致性。 6.引入了分配指数的概念来描述干物质在不同器官之间的分配,同时用整数型Beta概率函数描述器官的扩展规律,可灵活地适应多种扩展曲线类型,较好地解决了物质在同一器官上不同年龄（位置）之间的物质分配。 本文所建立的温室番茄生长发育模拟模型具有较高的预测性、机理性和实用性,为温室番茄栽培模拟优化系统的完成奠定了基础。借助于该模型可以合理地安排温室番茄的生产,确定番茄的适时播种期,预测番茄的生长发育时期,有计划地进行科学管理和合理施肥。同时利用温室番茄的光合生产和干物质积累模拟模型可以很好地预测各生育阶段的干物质积累量,为进一步进行干物质分配和产量预测模拟奠定基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 This research is based on large numbers of test data on greenhouse tomatoes, by sorting and analyzing the test data, the simulation models of tomatoes are founded accroding to the crop’s physiological ecology theory and the tomato’s greenhouse growing mechanism. These models include the greenhouse growing, up-growing of phyllotaxy, forming of organ, trending of leaf area, effecting of fertilizer, photosynthesis, accumulating of dry matter and forming of output The main research contents are as follows:1. Accroding to the basic principle of tomato physiologic, the greenhouse tomato growing model has been brought forward which set the environmental parameter as the variable.This model has described such environmental factor impacts on the growing speed of tomato as temperature, day-length and the density of CO2,etc. in the greenhouse. The model has good explanation ability and higher precision. Utilizing the test data materials to examine the model, through simulating different growing stages, the simulation result shows: the absolute error is within 3 days, the average relative error is smaller than 4%。2. The up-growing phyllotaxy model of tomatoes has described the influence of temperature and the density of CO2 to the speed of tomato leaf emergence. The model has good explanation ability and higher precision. Utilizing the test data materials to examine the model, the simulation result shows: the absolute error is within a leaf, the average relative error is smaller than 2%.3. The sunlight greenhouse tomato blade, leaf area index, fruit trend of emergence, development and decline are studied through effectively accumulated temperature (physiological development time ) as variable. The whole growth periods can be described as segmenting functions. A part of growth trend presents line sexual relations, the other part accords with Logistic curve.4. The fertilizer effect model has described the influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to the output of tomatoes. Through analyzing the model, the follows can be calculated: the amount of nutrients supplied by soil, utilization ratios of fertilizer, increasing productive effect of different nutrients and mutual effect of different nutrients cooperating used, high yield and fertilizer application of high yield, economic output and fertilizer application of economic out. These can be used as the basis of scientific applying fertilizer.5. Based on photosynthesis, the greenhouse photosynthetic productive dynamic simulation model of tomato has been brought forward, this model has composed by such sub-models as: trending of leaf area, greenhouse coronal clump distribution, simple leaf photosynthesis , coronal clump photosynthesis, breath expenditure and distribution of assimilation among organs. At the same time, the model has considered the influence of the environment (temperature, CO2 density and moisture) in the greenhouse. Result indicates that at every development and growth stage, the relative error of dry matter accumulating between observed value and simutated value is -3.0-10.0%. So simulation value and observation value have good consistency.6. The concept of distribution index has been introduced to describe the distribution of dry matters among different organs. And the integer type Beta probability function has been used to describe the expansion laws of organs at the same time, which adapt to many kinds of expansion curves in a flexible way and solve the material assignment among different ages (positions) on the same organ in a better way.The greenhouse tomato up-growing simulation model brought forward in this paper has higher accuracy, mechanism nature and practicability, which established the foundation for completing the greenhouse tomato planting simulation optimizing system. With the aid of this model, we can arrange the production of tomatoes in greenhouse reasonable, confirm the proper sowing time, predict the growth period of tomato, carry on scientific management and apply fertilizer rationally in a planned way. At the same time, utilizing th更多还原