【作者】 周婷；

【导师】 张青文； 黄智勇；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 大蜂螨病是对世界养蜂业危害最大的蜜蜂病虫害,本研究通过对大蜂螨在中蜂和意蜂群中寄生的流行病学调查、人工移接条件下,不同来源的大蜂螨在不同寄主间的繁殖特性比较、以及螨的分子生物学分类等,对我国中蜂和意蜂群寄生的大蜂螨进行自然种系构成、分布,寄生规律、繁殖特性以及对蜂群危害等生物学特性的研究,取得主要结果如下: 1、利用分子生物学技术,对我国境内蜂群中的大蜂螨进行分类,我国意蜂群中寄生的大蜂螨均属于狄斯瓦螨的朝鲜基因型;中蜂群寄生的瓦螨分别属于狄斯瓦螨的越南基因型、中国基因和中国2基因型。首次探明我国无论中蜂和意蜂群中寄生的都是狄斯瓦螨,到目前为止中国还未发现雅氏瓦螨(Varroa jacobsonio)的存在,纠正了国内养蜂书籍上关于雅氏瓦螨的提法。 2、对全国主要中蜂和意蜂饲养区的调查研究显示: 首次发现我国从南到北的中蜂和意蜂群中大蜂螨的寄生率呈递减的趋势,说明地理环境对蜂群大蜂螨的寄生有影响;广东中蜂群的螨对中蜂群有可见危害。 与前人的研究结果相同,大蜂螨只能在中蜂的雄蜂房里繁殖,大蜂螨也会进入工蜂房但在工蜂房里不育;中蜂群中大蜂螨的寄生率很低。意蜂群100%有大蜂螨侵染。 狄斯瓦螨在中蜂群的种群消长,主要受中蜂群中雄蜂房数量的影响。 3、人工侵染情况下,来自意蜂群的大蜂螨不但能在意蜂的雄蜂房和工蜂房里繁殖,而且可以在中蜂的雄蜂房和工蜂房里繁殖:而来自中蜂的大蜂螨在意蜂的工蜂房和雄蜂房不能繁殖,在中蜂的工蜂房也不能繁殖,只能在中蜂的雄蜂房里繁殖,仞步说明两种蜂群寄生的人蜂螨是不同的种,不同的螨具有不同的繁殖能力;同时,同样的螨,在不同幼虫房中繁殖力也有差异,其中在中蜂雄蜂房的螨繁殖力最强,其产生后代的平均数显著高于螨在中蜂工蜂房、意蜂雄蜂房和意蜂工蜂房产生后代的平均数。蜜蜂的品种和螨种类的不同部影响螨对蜂群的危害程度。 4、在具有相同类型幼虫存在的情况下,狄斯瓦螨喜欢较小的巢房,狄斯瓦螨在较小巢房中的繁殖能力明显高于较大的巢房,相对较小的巢房更适合大蜂螨繁殖。 5、蜜蜂个体对于狄斯瓦螨的侵染能产生一定的防御能力,其主要表现之一是血淋巴蛋白总量的增高和血淋巴蛋白组分的改变。更多还原

【Abstract】 Varroa mite is an ectoparasite of honeybee and it distributes world widely. The bee keeping industry around world has been severely impacted by the mites. Therefore, to find a new way to control Varroa mites is badly needed. In this paper, the epidemic investigation of Varroa mite paratized in A mellifera and A.carena , laboratory research work in comparison of reproductive characteristics of Varroa mite in A mellifera or A.carena brood cells artificially transferred from A mellifera or A.carena colonies and molecular identification of Varroa mites infecting A mellifera and A.carena were carried out respectively to study mite’s stock structure, parasitic patterns, reproductive characteristics、 harmfulness for honeydees as well as the distribution of Varroa mites in China. The main results are as follows:1. Study on mtDNA CO-1 gene sequences of Varroa mites in China showed that Varroa mites parasitizing A mellifera conolies are V. destructor Korea genotype. Varroa mites parasitizing A cerana conolies are V. destructor China genotype, V. destructor China2 genotype and V. destructor Vietnam genotype respectively. Our results demonstrated initially that all Varroa mites parasitizing either A mellifera or A. cerana are V. destructor . Up to now, no V. jacobsoni has been found in China. Therefore, there is an error in the statement in Chinese bee text book that mites in Chian is V.jacobsoni.2. Investigation of Varroa mite infected in A mellifera and A.carena in China.It was found for the first time that the rate of Varroa mites infected A mellifera and A.carena was reduced gradually from South to North in China, suggesting that geographic differences affect the parasite of Varroa mites in honeybee colonies. Our survey also showed that A.carena colonies in Guangdong province was damaged by Varroa mites which was considered to be not harmful to A.carena before.Under natural conditions, Varroa mites reproduced only in drone cells but not in worker cells in cononies of A.carena, despite worker cells were invaded by Varroa mites in large quantity. The parasited rate is very low in cononies of A.carena. However, the parasited rate is 100% in cononies of A mellifera .The results were similar to the previous results.Development of the Varroa mites population in cononies of A.carena are affected mainly by the number of drone brood cells in the colonies.3. Under artificially transferring conditions,Varroa mites from cononies of A. mellifera reproduced in drone and worker cells not only of A. mellifera and but also of A. carena. However, Varroa mites from cononies of A.carena only reproduced in drone cells of A. carena but refrained from reproduction in other 3 type of brood cells of A. mellifera and A.carena. The results indicated that Varroa mites from A. mellifera and A. carena are different and with various reproductive capability. Furthermore, mites from same kind of host reproduce differently in various brood cells, with the best reproductive ability in drone cells of A. carena and the significantly higher mean number of offspring in drone cells of A. carena than that transferred into worker brood cells of A.carena, drone brood cell and worker brood cells of A. mellifera, respectively. The results suggested that both the type of brood cell of honeybees and Varroa mite from different host affect the reproductive ability of Varroa mites.4. With the same brood in different type of brood cells, Varroa mite favors the smaller cells and reproduces more in smaller cells than in larger cells, indicating smaller cells are more suitable for V. destructor to stay and reproduce.5. when bees were parasited by Varroa mites, the concentration of hemolymph protein of bees increased significantly and the components of hemolymph protein changed greatly. The results showed that A. Mellifera could develop a resistance to parasite by Varroa mites.更多还原