【作者】 王炜；

【导师】 马承伟；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 农业生物环境与能源工程， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 本研究将景观生态学的基本原理应用于城镇生态规划中,改变传统城镇规划理论仅仅局限于在经济和社会基础上的城镇形态规划,而同时侧重于城镇生态环境调控,发挥城镇生态系统的生态服务功能。以焦作市为例,采用GIS软件分析城镇景观空间格局,为城镇景观生态规划提供科学依据。主要研究内容及结论如下: (1)焦作市景观格局现状分析:将焦作市景观类型划分为耕地、园地、林地、居氏点及工矿用地、水域和未利用地六种,采用斑块大小、景观隔离度指数等景观特征指数,分析出焦作市各景观类型在空间上表现为居民点用地处在中心位置,向外是菜地、耕地,再向外是园地以及林地;居民点斑块多,面积小,分布较为分散,林地斑块少,平均斑块面积较人,集中分布于北部太行山脉和南部黄河滩地,耕地面积最广,主要分布于中部平原地区;从总面积和所占面积比例上看,耕地等农业用地所占的面积比例最大,是基质景观。 (2)焦作市景观格局演变分析:焦作市1994-2004年间景观结构变化规律为耕地、园地与未利用地景观呈减小趋势,城镇建设用地、农村居民点、工矿用地、交通用地、林地景观均呈稳步增长趋势,水域景观变化不大;景观破碎度指数加重,景观优势度的变化比较平缓,景观多样性增加,分离度指数增加较快。 (3)焦作市景观生态规划:到规划期末,于南太行山自然山水生态景观区内保留大型的自然斑块,构成北部生态圈;南部以黄河湿地自然保护区作为大型的自然斑块,构成南部生态圈,生态廊道将南北生态圈有机联系起来;在城镇建成区内增加小型人工绿地斑块数量,形成网状的生态景观模式;各城市建设用地镶嵌于大面积的耕地和绿地之中,形成了“斑块—廊道—基质”模式,构成了焦作市城镇景观总体格局。 (4)焦作市城镇景观生态规划管理与生态调控手段:打破地区行政分割,划定各种用途管治区域,实行城镇空间管治的“八线管治”法,控制城镇无序扩张,强调公众参与制度化等措施,保证城镇景观生态规划的实施;构建合理的城镇景观生态格局,实施生态旅游开发等与自然协调发展的生态调控手段。更多还原

【Abstract】 This research breaks the limitation of the traditional town ecological planning theories that are based only on economy and society. It applies landscape ecology theory to town ecological planning, emphasizes on town environment regulation, and thus brings ecological service functions into town ecosystem. In the case study of Jiaozuo City, the town landscape spatial structure was analyzed with GIS software using landscape ecological theory. This case study offers scientific foundation of town landscape ecological planning. Primary research and conclusions are as follows:(1) Present analysis of Jiaozuo City landscape structureThe landscape of Jioazuo City was divided into seven types, farmland, plantation, woodland, residential and industrial area, waters and wilderness. We adopted landscape character indexes such as landscape diversity, dominance, and fragmentation to analyze the landscape spatial structure of Jiaozuo City. Spatially, the various landscape types show that residential area is located at the center, and that vegetable land and farmland are the next, and that fuither next are plantation and woodland. There are a lot of small and dispersed patches in residential area. The amount of woodland patches is fewer, but with larger average acreage. Woodland patches mainly are located at northern Taihang Mountain and southern Yellow River bottomland. The acreage of farmland is the largest, which is mostly located at the mid campagna area. From the total area and acreage proportion, we can see that the acreage proportion of agricultural land is the largest, and it is landscape matrix.(2) Evaluative analysis of Jioazuo City landscape structureAnalyzed ten-year length(1999-2004) showed the shrinking of farmland, plantation and wilderness and the growing of town construction land, village residential area, industrial area, transportation land and woodland. Waters almost stay the same. Landscape fragmentation and diversity increased. The change of landscape superiority was moderate. However degree of dissociation had risen rapidly.(3) Landscape eco-planning of Jiaozuo CityBy the end of planning large-scale natural patches will be reserved in southern Taihang Mountain to form the northern ecological circle. The large-scale natural patch of southern Yellow River bottomland will be formed the southern ecological circle. The ecological corridor will connect the southern and northern ecological circle seamlessly. More small man-made greenland patches will be increased in town area to form a mesh ecological landscape pattern. Patches of various construction land are embedded in the large area of farmland and greenland to form "patch—corridor—matrix" pattern.(4) Jiaozuo City landscape eco-planning management and ecological adjustment methodologyBreak the local administration division. Instead, delimit various usage management districts and apply the "eight-thread management" town spatial management. Controlling chaotic town expansion, emphasizing the regulation of public participation, et. al. Build reasonable town landscape ecological structure. Develop ecological adjusting methods such as tourism to naturally coordinate the landscape growing.更多还原