【作者】 张国艳；

【导师】 詹鄞鑫；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 居延漢簡出土於居延烽燧遗址,是漢代居延和肩水都尉府的行政文書檔案。絕大部分是邊塞屯戍檔案,小部分是書籍、曆譜和私人信件等,内容非常豐富。不僅記述了居延地區的屯戍活動和興衰歷史,而且保存了西漢中期到東漢初年的重要文獻资料,具有極高的科學、歷史與文物價值。 居延漢簡的出土使得簡牘研究成為一門國際性顯學,居延漢簡的研究已經取得了大量的重要成果,但利用居延漢簡材料進行語言文字特別是語言學的研究還很薄弱.居延漢簡多屬屯戍紀錄,口語性強,而且斷代明確,材料龐大,是進行語言研究的寶貴的資料。漢語虛詞在語法結構方面起著重要的作用,是重要的語法手段,我國傳統小學和現代語言學歷來重視對虛詞研究。本論文選取居延漢簡的虚詞為研究對象,對居延漢簡中的虛詞進行全面描寫,窮盡調查和定量分析,真實反映居延漢簡的整體面貌,在全面描寫的基礎上力求揭示其中存在的語法規律。 論文分上下兩编: 上編為本論部分,首先介紹了論文的體例、研究材料、研究目的和研究方法,對虛詞與相關詞類的區分標準作了說明,對居延漢簡虚詞的總體面貌進行了描述;然後以詞類為綱,採用專書研究的方法,對居延漢簡中的代詞、副詞、介詞、連詞、語氣詞、助詞和詞綴進行全面描寫。每個章節基本分為虛詞個案介紹、虛詞的語法功能、虚詞的傳承流變和小結四個部分。論文充分調查虛詞的分佈特點、使用頻率和語法功能;在對居延漢簡虛詞全面描寫的基礎上,利用學術界已經取得的成果,進行同時和歷時方面的比較,揭示其在漢語發展史上的地位。 居延漢簡共出現虛詞252個、詞綴4個。由於居延漢簡多屬屯戍公文,對話少,所以其中出現的人稱代詞、語氣詞、嘆詞都不多;副詞是居延漢簡虛詞中使用最多一類虛詞,其次是介詞和連詞。 居延漢簡虛詞承襲先秦漢語而來的佔大多數,漢代新產生的僅有35個。單從出現的虛詞來看,居延漢簡虛詞狀況與先秦漢語比較接近,但具體到各類虛詞及虛詞的實際使用情況來看,其中發展的成分相當突出。與先秦漢語相比,各類詞都有發展變化;而且承襲先秦而來的虛詞生命力多比較強,不更多还原

【Abstract】 The Juyan (居延) Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty were unearthed in Juyan beacon site, which were administrative literature-archives recorded by the Juyan and Jianshui (肩水) military officers in Han Dynasty. They were garrison documents of Han’s frontier fortress mostly, others were books, the system of calendar, private letters and so on. The content of them were very colorful, not only recorded garrison campaigns, the history of prosperity and decline of Juyan, but also preserved many important documents from middle Western Han Dynasty to early Eastern Han Dynasty. They have higher value in science, history and cultural relic, which make the study of Bamboo and Wooden Slips become a sort of international learning.The study of Juyan Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty have been acquired many import achievements. However, the research of language and character on Juyan Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty, especially for linguistics is very weak. Most of Juyan Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty belong to the documents of garrison and were mainly used in oral language. They are invaluable for studying linguistic in view of their clear division of dynasty and huge amount.Chinese function words have great effects on grammar structure, and are important instrument of grammar. Traditional Chinese linguistics and contemporary linguists always attach importance to the study of function words. The thesis describes the function words generally in Juyan Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty by means of exhaustive inquiry and quantitative investigations, so as to really reflect the whole visage of Juyan Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty, and endeavors to open out the rules of grammar in it with basing on full describe.The essay is divided into two pasts.The first part is basic part. Firstly, it introduces the style of this thesis, describes the material, the purpose and method of the study. Then it narrates the standard for distinguishing the function words and other correlative parts of speech. Moreover, it describes the whole visage of Juyan Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty. Secondly, it takes parts of speech as the key link; fully describe the pronoun, adverb, preposition, conjunction, modal particle, auxiliary word and affix. Every chapter usually puts into four parts: case study, grammar function, theinheritance and development of function words, brief summary. This article fully inquires the characteristic of distributing, and identifies the using frequency and grammar function with some forms. Further more, this essay utilizes the production which have already possessed by the academe to do synchronic analysis and diachronic comparison, points out its status in the history of Chinese development.There are 252 function words and 4 affixes in Juyan Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty. Just because most of them are garrison documents and have little dialogue, so there are few of personal pronouns, modal particles and exclamations. Adverb is the biggest part in amount among the function words, secondly are preposition, conjunction.The function words in Juyan Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty mostly inherited the Chinese of the Pre-qin, only 35 had come into being in Han Dynasty. If only judging from the number of function words, they were almost the same as the Chinese in the Pre-qin, but in case of the usage of every kind of function words, the component of development was distinct. Comparing with the Chinese of the Pre-qin, every kind of part of speech had a lot of change and development. The function words inherited the Chinese of the Pre-qin had great vitality. They wrer not only used in Han Dynasty, but also used even in modern Chinese. Therefore, we agree that the Pre-qin and Han Dynasty are different stages raised by Mrs. He Leshi.The second part is described separately. We tide up some characteristic function words into five single articles. As follows:"Nai (乃)" and "Nai (逎) " in Juyan Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty: The usages of "Nai (乃)" and "Nai (逎) "were different in Juyan Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty, "Nai (73)" mostly was used as a adverb, and "Nai (31) "was used as a demonstrative pronouns. However, both of the publishing defining words and some study composing of Juyan Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty can’t distinguish them to the core.A Research of the Usages of "Bing (並)","Bing (并) " and Correlative Words in Juyan Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty: The usages of "Bing (並)" and "Bing (并) "were different in Juyan Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty. "Bing (並)" mostly were used in name and "Bing (并) " mostly were used as a adverb. Some published defining words of Juyan Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty interpreted them as "Bing (并) ".some interpreted them as "Bing (並)" or "Bing (并) "without infinite item. There would appear some wrong comprehensions for the meaning of Bamboo Slips if we don’t differentiate between them. So this paper writes up the usage of these two characters in Juyan Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty, strives to find更多还原