【作者】 吴波；

【导师】 张春柏；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 译者是翻译过程中的一个重要因素。译者的翻译动机,翻译策略,翻译行为和翻译能力对译文的面貌产生重大的影响。译者作为一个具有独立思维,文化立场和价值观的个体,其主体性和主观能动性会在从选择原语文本、制定翻译策略、解决翻译困难、到追求翻译目的的整个过程中得到体现。译者作为个体在某些时候对翻译过程和翻译结果的影响是决定性的,而译者作为一个群体在译介原语文化和丰富译语文化,从而推进人类文化的整体历史进程上发挥着重大作用。然而迄今为止在翻译理论中有关于译者的研究还没有形成一个较为深厚的体系。译者的语言能力和翻译技巧还是翻译评论中较为关注的话题,而较深入的探讨则停留在译者在文化交流中的作用及其建构和颠覆文化的作用这一层面。关于译者的主体性因素如态度、动机、文化价值观念、偏见、目的和其本身的历史性等对翻译过程、译文和译语文化的影响还没有全面的研究。因此,本论文就这一问题进行了探讨,希望能够较为深入地描述译者及其主体性的工作机制,从而推动对翻译活动本质的进一步理解。 本文以译者为核心,从选材,决定翻译策略,选择翻译方法,对文本的处理,和对人际关系的协调等方面探讨译者的翻译行为,从而证明本研究的两个核心命题:其一,翻译是一个由人参与的过程,在这个过程中译者占主导地位。其含义表现在两个方面:首先,翻译是译者对原作的阐释;其次,译文是译者就翻译策略和翻译方法等进行选择而产生的结果。其二:翻译过程是译者在文化、社会和个人因素的制约下发挥其主体性的过程。 本论文分为五章,外加导言和结束语。在导言中,笔者从中西翻译史的角度,指出译者地位长期边缘化的历史事实,分析了边缘化的根源。笔者认为,中国译者地位边缘化首先是由于中国文化长期自视为世界中心的社会文化心态所造成。和外族文化的交流很多时候并不受重视,翻译长期被视为达到某些政治目的的工具,因此,译者的身份自然也不会有重要的地位。其次,中国传统的思维模式导致对译者的认识要么过于简单化,把翻译的得失归为译者的语言能力和职业素养;要么过于神秘化,认为译者的能力完全是天生的才能,是无法解释和描述的。这两种认识阻碍了对译者的深入研究。第三,在历史上,很多译者同时是著名的学者、作家、政治家或政府官员等,后者所代表的更为崇高的社会地位也使他们的译者身份显得无足轻重。而在西方,译者地位的边缘化首先源于圣经翻译的传统。圣经翻译要求译者抹杀自己的个性,成为上帝之言的忠实记录者。其次,与中国较为相似的,在西方很多著名译者也有较为引人注目的其它身份,如作家:而对与普通译者来说,他们通常接受赞助人的委托进行翻译,对翻译决策没有话更多还原

【Abstract】 The translator is a most dynamic factor in translation. As an independent thinking entity, s/he unavoidably displays his/her subjectivities in the translation process. His/her motivation, purpose, strategies, methods and competence greatly influence the formation of the target text. The translator as an individual decides how a specific translation assignment is to be carried out; and translators as a whole play an important role in intercultural communication and facilitating the development of human culture. However, so far most researches on the translator have only focused on his/her linguistic competence, translation skills and functions in cultural communication, and scarce attention has been paid to how the translator, as a crucial human factor that influences the translation process with his/her motivation, attitude, cultural orientation, value, prejudice, horizon, historicity and translation purpose, etc. In view of all this, the current research has made an attempt to probe into the issue of how the translator involves him/herself in translation process and thus influences translation results. The main objective of this research is to provide an overall description of the working mechanism of the translator in the translation process with a view to facilitating the understanding of the nature of translation.I group all the participating elements of the translator in the translation process under the title of the Translator’s Subjectivities. The single form "subjectivity" refers to the personal element which is based on or influenced by his/her personal feelings, tastes or opinions, or is dependent on the mind or on his/her perception of its existence. I use the plural form of the word to reveal the fact that the translator has to bear and react to a great number of different internal factors and external forces, and that s/he on most occasions can sensibly and purposely compromise them. I explore the translator’s subjectivities from two sides in a philosophical sense. On the one hand, I regard that the translator is a thinking or feeling entity; s/he has the conscious mind, the ego, especially as opposed to anything external to the mind; on the other, the working mechanism of the inner factors of the translator’s subjectivities is dependent upon external forces. In other words, the translator’s subjectivities reveal themselves in his/her reaction to external constraints. These become two fundamental issues that underlie all my arguments in this research.The translator with his/her subjectivities is the core of my discussion. I explore the translator’s involvement in translation from the perspectives of his/her selection ofthe source text, translation strategies, choice of translation methods, and coordination of interpersonal relationships. The exploration finally leads to two conclusions. First, translation is a human process in which the translator is in a dominant position; second, this process reveals how the translator’s subjectivities operate under social, cultural and personal constraints.The whole dissertation consists of five chapters plus an introduction and a conclusion. In the "Introduction", I state the fact that the translator’s status has been marginalized throughout history and discuss the causes of this marginalization. It is pointed out that the root of the marginalization of the translator in China lies in the Chinese social mentality. The Chinese culture always saw itself as the center of the world and did not attach much importance to communication with other cultures. Translation was regarded as a means of fulfilling certain political and social purposes. As a result, there were not many scholarly discussions on translation, neither were there many reflections on the translator. The second cause originates from the typical Chinese mode of thinking and understanding, which was abstract and sentimental. This mode exerted great impacts upon serious thinking on translation and the translator. Researches on the translator thus became either oversimplified, touching upon only the translator’s更多还原