【作者】 蔡圣刚；

【导师】 莫雷； 罗冠中； 张敏强；

【作者基本信息】 华南师范大学 ， 心理测量与人才测评， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 在心理测量中,对一组单刺激的反应有两种基本的反应模式,一种是累进型反应模式,它将反应过程假定为单向控制过程,被试对一个题目的反应主要依赖于被试的能力和题目的难度。累进型反应模式通常用于认知能力测验或成就测验,在这类测验中,分数越高表示能力越好;另一种是展开反应模式,它将反应过程假定为理想点控制过程,被试对一个题目的反应主要由被试一题目之间位置的距离决定,展开反应模式主要适合于人格测量或态度测量中,在这类测量中,分数越高,表示被试的人格特质或态度(位置)与题目所隐含的特质水平或态度(位置)越接近。国外已有的研究表明,对于16PF人格测量问卷的数据,展开模型比累进模型拟合性更好。 然而在国内人格测量的研究领域,目前普遍使用的仍是经典测量理论或累进型项目反应理论,尚未见到有关展开模型的研究报告。因此,本研究在全面分析和总结国内外关于展开模型以及16PF人格测量问卷的基础上,根据Luo提出的一般形式超余弦展开模型,对国内目前所使用的16PF人格测量问卷进行了详细的分析,一方面进一步验证展开模型更适合于人格测量的反应模式,另一方面对所使用16PF版本的质量给予分析和评价。 整个研究包括四大部分: 第一部分主要探讨展开理论的研究现状以及二值反应和多值反应的一些展开模型,主要内容包括两个方面:一是对本研究的理论基础——概率展开模型进行了概述,并阐明了基于超余弦函数的展开模型是概率展开模型的一般形式,其它已提出的展开模型都是它的一个特例;二是从理论上阐明,对于心理测量中两种基本的反应模式,累进型反应模式主要适用于能力测验或成就测验,而对于人格测量或态度测量,展开型反应模式则更为适合。 第二部分,以经典流行的16PF人格测量为例,对国内外有关人格测验的相关研究进行了分析,研究的现状和趋势表明,目前普遍将累进型模型用于具有展开反应模式的人格测量或态度测量之中,存在许多问题,展开反应模型才是更适合非认知能力测验的模型,是人格测验模型化研究的方向所在。 第三部分,以第一部分的理论分析和第二部分的研究结果为基础,采用基于更多还原

【Abstract】 In psychological measurement, the cumulative response and the cumulative response are two types of basic response mechanisms from a set of single-stimulus. In the cumulative response mechanism, higher levels of the latent trait should, in all probability, lead to higher item scores, which, in turn, should lead to higher total test scores. Commonly the cumulative response mechanism is used in achievement testing. In the unfolding response mechanism, higher item scores should, in all probability, be observed to the extent that the individual and the item are located close to each other on the latent continuum. The unfolding response mechanism suggests that the person’ s idea-point governs the response in this way: the closer the person-item distance, the higher the expected score of the person on the item. Unfolding models are, thus, proximity models that predict item scores, and consequently total scores, on the basis of the distances between a given individual and each item in question. The unfolding response models have been useful in studies of personality and attitude. Some researches overseas indicate that the unfolding models fit the data of 16PF better than the cumulative models.However, in the studies of the personality assessment in China, almost researchers use the Classical Test Theory(CTT) or the cumulative model to assess the personality and there is few researches about unfolding theory. The current research will summarize the unfolding models and the personality assessment about 16PF, and particularly, by the general unfolding model, the Hyperbolic Cosine Model(HCM) ( Andrich & Luo, 1993;Luo,1998;Luo, 2001), analyze the 16PF scale in China.The main purposes of the study are to validate further that the unfolding models fit the personality measurement better than other models and to assess the quality of the 16PF scale.The dissertation involves four aspects.In the first aspect, the research actuality of unfolding models willbe introduced, including dichotomous and polytomous responses. This part mostly focuses on introducing the unfolding models and clarifying the idea that the HCM is the general form of unfolding models. This part also illustrates the cumulative models fit the achievement test and unfolding models fit the personality or attitude test.In the second aspect, taking the example of the 16PF scale, the research analyzes the overseas and domestic test about the personality. And it has come to conclusion that the unfolding models are more appropriate for non-cognitive measurement than the cumulative ones.In the third part, by HCM, a practical analysis is processed on the 16PF, which including the analyses on the item, person, and scale structure. At the same time, the data are compared with the results by CTT.In the fourth part, the related theories and the practical research are discussed comprehensively.The present research demonstrates that:First, the two measurement types are different from the response patterns and the mathematical models. In all the unfolding models, the HCM is the general form.Secondly, in the personality assessment, the response pattern of the person is the unfolding model dominated by idea-point, but not the cumulative model.Third, the unfolding models are more appropriate to 16PF scale than the cumulative ones.Finally, the research proposes that there are some deficiencies in the current version of 16PF scale using in China. It is necessary to update and revise the scale in the near future.更多还原