《内经》情志相胜理论及其养生应用研究

【作者】 韩晶杰；

【导师】 烟建华；

【作者基本信息】 北京中医药大学 ， 中医基础理论， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 情志学说是中医理论重要的组成部分,情志相胜法首载于《内经》,它根植于我国传统文化和民族心理,运用情志之间相互制约的关系治疗情志失调及其所致病证,其基本内容为怒胜思、思胜恐、恐胜喜、喜胜忧、悲胜怒。情志相胜法被历代医家所发挥与应用,并有许多珍贵资料保存下来。随着社会的进步,医学科学的发展,人类的疾病谱发生了重大变化,社会心理因素所致疾病凸现出来,人们步入了情绪负重的时代,如何应对新的挑战,世界医学需要中医的参与。中医学在医学模式、精神心理理论以及心理疾患治疗方面有鲜明的特点和突出的优势,系统整理情志相胜理论,探讨其原理,并转化为情志自我调控养生之法,为人类开拓战胜自我、促进心身和谐的健康大道是本课题的基本任务。 本课题采用文献学的方法,对《内经》情志学说的论述及后世的发挥进行整理研究,探讨了情志相胜法的原理,并论证了情志相胜法从治疗领域扩展到养生自我调控的可行性,情志相胜自我调控的原理、原则和方法。主要包括以下内容: 1.情志的基础理论研究 情志即“七情”、“五志”,它是人类正常的生命活动,其物质基础是五脏所藏之精气,五脏藏精化气生神,神接受外界刺激而生情,神活动于内,情表现于外。情志的产生不仅有生物学基础,也有社会人文学内涵,具有人类学特点,人类高度发达的思维和情感活动,是任何动物不能比拟的。情志致病范围广泛,其致病规律为始于气、皆为内伤、各有所主。 2.情志相胜理论的研究 首先梳理了情志相胜理论源流,提出情志相胜学说源于《内经》,经后世医家张从正、朱震亨、张介宾、吴昆等丰富补充、发展完善,形成了独具特色的理论体系。 其次,从情志阴阳五行论、情志心神主宰论、情志脾思调控论及现代实验研究四个方面解析情志相胜法的基本原理: 情志阴阳五行论认为情志相胜是根据阴阳互制、五行生克制化模式建立起来的。广义的情志相胜是情志阴阳两极相互制约;狭义的情志相胜则运用五行相克之理,依固定的模式,克制与纠正过激不止的情志,从而使人恢复至平和的情绪状态。其实质是对情志活动中精气运动方式的调整,暴怒而精气宣泄太过冲逆者收之、下之,狂喜而精气激奋亢烈者收之、衰之,恐惧不止而精气陷落下溃者奋之、举之,悲忧不制而精气收涩消蚀者宣之、散之。 从心神主宰和脾思调控两个方面进行阐释是本课题独特的视角。情志与五神密切相关,心为情志形成与活动之主宰,情志为病易伤心神。思既属于意识思维又属于情志活更多还原

【Abstract】 Emotion theory is one of the significant components of TCM theory. Mutual conquer therapy of emotions among it, based on Chinese traditional culture and psychology, was recorded in Neijing for the first time. The theory has applied mutual restriction among emotions to treat disharmony of emotions which may lead to various complaints. It consists of anger overcoming anxiety/ overthinking, thinking overcoming fear, fear overcoming joy, joy overcoming melancholy, and grief overcoming anger. Mutual conquer therapy of emotions was developed by practitioners in the past. Fortunately, a large amount of literature has been reserved. In modern society, social and medical development results in great changes in the spectrum of human diseases, in which diseases caused by social and psychological factors accounted a large part. This is an age of emotion burden to most people. Facing this challenge, convention medicine is willing to share achievements with medical world.Traditional Chinese Medicine believes that body-mind harmony is essential to maintain healthy condition. This paper, by collecting and analyzing related literature, researched on the theory of mutual conquer of emotions, discussed the possibilities of its development both in clinic and in preserving health, and demonstrated theories, principles, and methods of self-coordination. The following is main points:1. Research on basic theory of emotions.Emotions, which are normal vital activities of the human beings, refer to "seven emotions" or "five emotional manifestations". Their substantial foundation is essence-qi stored in five-zang organs. The essence, acting interiorly, may be transformed into mind. And mind may generate emotions, which act exteriorly, with outside stimulations. The production of emotions not only has biological basis, but also society and culture influence. So the highly developed activities of human mind and emotions, beyond comparison with animals, are traits of human beings. Each emotion impairs a certain internal organ. Starting from qi disorder, which leads to internal organ injury, diseases due to emotions happen frequently.2. Research on mutual conquer theory of emotions.First, the exploration of history of development of mutual conquer theory of emotions is carried out. Originated from Neijing, mutual conquer therapy has been formed a sui generis theory info with plenty of supplement and development by TCM practitioners of later generations, such as, Zhang Congzheng, Zhang Jiebin, Wu Kun, etc.Second, mechanism of the mutual conquer theory is analyzed from four aspects: five-element theory of emotion yin and yang, emotion governed by heart-mind, emotion coordinated by spleen-thinking, and modern experiment research.Five-element theory of emotion yin and yang means that mutual conquers are built on the basis ofmutual restriction of yin and yang and the model of mutual promotion and counteraction among five elements. In a Broad sense, mutual conquers refer to mutual restriction between two poles of emotion yin and yang; in a narrow sense, they refer to restricting and correcting the overactive emotions to recover gradually peace of mind. This therapy regulates actually the movement of essence-qi. To fury, astringe and descend the reversed upward essence-qi; to exultance, astringe and relieve the sthenic essence-qi; to timeless fear, act vigorously and raise the prolapse of essence-qi; and to incontinent grief and anxiety, expel and eliminate the accumulation of essence-li.Two unique points of view, emotions governed by heart-mind and coordinated by spleen-thinking, are used here to illustrate this issue. Emotions are closely related to "five minds." The heart controls generation and activities of emotions, so disorders due to emotions may impair the heart and mind easily. Thinking belongs to both mind and emotion activities, so it works as an intermediary; all other emotions can be induced and may lead to changes by overthinking, so thinking is a pivot of emotion activities; and both theory of the spleen governing thinking in TCM and Huang P更多还原