【作者】 李青山；

【导师】 王庆瑞；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 材料科学与工程， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 综述了纳米科技与纳米材料的研究进展,包括纳米科技与纳米材料的定义和分类,纳米材料的特征,国内外纳米材料和技术的发展趋势,介绍了聚合物基纳米复合材料的种类及制备方法,详细介绍了聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究,包括聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的种类、性能及研究的新进展。在查阅文献和探索性实验的基础上,确定采用乳液原位插层聚合方法首先创制了聚（丙烯腈-醋酸乙烯酯）/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,利用正交实验得出了最佳实验条件,通过X射线衍射和红外光谱对纳米复合材料的结构进行表征,研究了复合材料的溶解性能,并测定了其溶液的绝对粘度;研究了不同相对分子质量的聚丙烯腈与不同的无机矿物超细粉复合材料的结构与性能;探讨了在蒙脱土中光引发聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的反应机理;通过聚乙烯与粘土的纳米复合材料制备,探讨了热塑性树脂熔融插层复合机理与最佳工艺条件和复合材料性能关系;通过聚苯乙烯与蒙脱土纳米复合材料制备,验证了单体原位聚合插层和聚合物溶液插层机理。 实验结果表明: （1）创制的聚（丙烯腈—乙酸乙烯酯）蒙脱土纳米复合材料实验的最佳聚合条件为温度为70℃,引发剂的用量为单体用量的3%,反应时间为2t; （2）X射线衍射图和红外光谱都证实乳液原位插层共聚合方法可制备聚（丙烯腈-醋酸乙烯酯）/蒙脱土纳米复合材料; （3）复合材料与丙烯腈有相似的溶解性,都可以溶解于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）,硝酸溶液（HNO₃）,二甲基亚砜（DSMO）和50%硫氰酸钠水溶液（NaSCN）中,溶解能力如下:DMF>HNO₃>DSMO>50% NaSCN水溶液; （4）测定不同浓度的复合材料溶液的绝对粘度,得到复合材料溶液的流动活化能为32.67KJ/mol;更多还原

【Abstract】 This article summarized the research of nanotechnology and nanomaterial, including the definition, classification, basic characteristic of nano material, interational development trend of nano material and technology. The type and preparation method of polymer nanocomposite were introduced. The research of polymer/layered silicate nanocomposite was introduced detailedly, including the classify, property and the latest research advance. On the basis of consulting the document andthe exploratory experiment, the experimental method which first creative preparing poly (acrylonitrile-vinyl acetate)/ montmorillonite nanocomposite by emulsion intercalation copolymerization was established; the structure and property of polyacrylonitrle different molecule weight with inorganic mineral super fine nanocomposite was reseached. The reaction principle of PMMA by photo-initution was explored. The mixture principle with productor condition, property of PE/Clay nanocomposite milt insert was seal prived. By PS/Clay nanocomposite munufacture, the monomer ins-polymerization and polymerial solution was proved. The best experimental program was obtained by orthogonal experiment, the structure of nanocomposite was indicated by XRD and IR, and solution and viscosity properties of nanocomposite solution were researched. The result indicated that:(1) The best condition such as the reaction temperatureis 70°C, initiator content is 3% of monomer quality and reaction time is 2h;(2) The method of emulsion intercalation polymerization can prepare exfoliated poly (acrylonitrile-vinyl acetate)/ montmorillonite nanocomposite;(3) Nan composite and polyacrylonitrile which can solute in DMF, HN03, DSMO and NaSCN(50%)have the similar solution, order is DMF> HN03> DSMO > NaSCN(50%).(4)the viscosity properties of nanocomposites is researched and obtained AE which is 32. 67KJ/mol.(5) The light-invitation and can create the PMMA/ montmorillonitenanocomposite material, heatproof function contain obvious exaltation.(6) The heat-plastic resin, for example PS, can straightly make meltdown puts the layer system to nanocomposite material;(7) The monomer of PS, PMMA, PAN, can original position polymerization at montmorillonite nanometer space, combining end get class of nanometer the material;(8)The some polymer solution can also under the certain term insert clay to make nanocomposite material.The polymer and exceed fine power of abio-mineral with opal, acetylene, zeolite etc. make into of complex material, can release the negative ion, can make into the fiber, plastics, flexibility and coat.The polymer/abio-mineral nanocomposite material is a new function additive, for create the new material, new craft in system provided the new path.更多还原