【作者】 杨庆斌；

【导师】 于伟东；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 纺织材料与纺织品设计， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 随着大豆蛋白改性纤维应用的深入及应用领域的拓宽,相应的问题也越来越突出。大豆蛋白改性纤维本质上是含大豆蛋白的聚乙烯醇(PVA)或聚丙稀腈(PAN)共混纤维。其组成和内部结构及其与理化性能间的关系尚不明确;纺纱过程中容易粘附机件,产生静电,其机制不太明确;产品易起毛起球,与其它纤维混纺能得以改善,但混纺比的优化确定,仍为经验摸索;该纤维不耐高温,热稳定性和光稳定性差,染色、后整理后会使织物手感板硬、光泽变差,其定量化表征与探讨不足。因此如何保持原大豆蛋白改性纤维的特点、克服缺陷;如何控制后加工工艺的临界温度以减小纤维的损伤;如何改进纺纱与混合含量,使大豆蛋白改性纤维与其它纤维性能互补;如何明晰现有大豆蛋白改性纤维的结构、性能及其相互关系,以及更好地利用与改善该纤维是本文的目的。 基于上述问题,本课题主要完成了以下五个方面的工作: 1、大豆蛋白改性纤维的组份及内部结构:对于大豆蛋白改性纤维的构成及与PVA纤维、羊毛比较;大豆蛋白改性纤维的结晶度、取向度和原纤结构、皮芯结构进行分析。 2、大豆蛋白改性纤维的基本理化性能:重点研究大豆蛋白改性纤维的力学性能,包括一次拉伸性能、松弛性能和卷曲弹性;大豆蛋白改性纤维的表面形态,及其对摩擦性能和芯吸作用的影响;表征了大豆蛋白改性纤维的耐热性及使用临界温度。 3、大豆蛋白改性纤维的纺纱性能:讨论影响纤维可纺性能的因素以及解决措施; 4、大豆蛋白改性纤维混合的纱线结构特征与拉伸及弯曲性:对不同混纺比的混纺纱中大豆蛋白改性纤维与涤纶和与棉混纺的力学特征、纤维的径向分布规律和最优混纺比的实验讨论。 5、大豆蛋白改性纤维针织物的力学性能和热稳定性:通过对大豆蛋白改性纤维针织物力学性能的测试分析了混纺纱混纺比的优化效果。对大豆蛋白改性纤维纱线进行了不同方式的热处理,分析了大豆纱线在不同的热处理条件下其强伸性能、颜色、收缩率的变化,确定了大豆蛋白改性纤维织物在后整理和后加工中的适宜温度。 通过本文的研究,得出下列结论: 1、通过红外光谱分析得出大豆蛋白改性纤维与维纶纤维的显微-红外光谱图基本相同,说明大豆蛋白改性纤维与维纶纤维的化学成分及结合键的形式基本相同,大豆蛋白的成分较少。大豆蛋白改性纤维结晶度较高,取向度较差,但低于维纶纤维。利用SEM观察纤维有皮芯结构、表征了纤维的原纤结构和表面结构,确定了相互的形态特征与尺寸。大豆蛋白改性纤维的皮层厚度约为O.6～1.0um,大豆蛋白改性纤维的芯层由原纤堆砌结构构成,原纤直径约为O.5～1um。大豆蛋白改性纤维属于高强中伸型纤维,其湿强更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development and application of the PVA fibers modified with soybean protein (SP-PVAF), more and more problems are found out. Firstly, the relation between the internal structure and the physical and chemical property of the SP-PVAFs is unknown. Secondly, the soybean protein fiber has some problems in spinning. For example, the cohesion with the machine parts and the serious static electricity. Thirdly, in fact, the SP-PVAF is a polyvinyl copolymer with soybean protein to certain extent, so that there exist still big problem in thermal and light stability and structure and properties, as well as the relationship between structure and property of the fiber. How to explain these problems and solve them is very important. In the fabric developing, the determination of the optimized blended ratio is an urgent problem when the SP-PVAFs are blended with other fibers. In using the SP-PVAFs, the dyeing and finishing-processing must damage the fibers, so the mechanism should be analyzed. Because the research on the SP-PVAFs is simple and not perfect, the main researchers in this paper are as follows:1 The internal structure and component of SP-PVAFs: the degree of crystallization and orientation, the fibril structure and the skin-core structure have been analyzed in this paper. 2 The physical and chemical properties of SP-PVAFs: The tensile property, the relaxation property and the crimp elasticity of the SP-PVAF are discussed. In order to understand the effect of bleaching and dyeing to the SP-PVAFs, the mechanical models (including Vangheluwe model and Zeruk model) were chosen. The surface morphology, the surface friction and the wick ability of the SP-PVAFs are observed and studied. The heat endurance of SP-PVAFs is also discussed in this paper.3 . The spinning property of SP-PVAFs: the problems in spinning of SP-PVAFs and the key to solve these problems are discussed.4 The structure and strength and bending properties of the blended yarn: this part is of most important in the thesis. The tensile cures of SP-PVAFs, polyester and cotton are detected, and then the mechanical properties of blended yarns are discussed; The distribution of fibers in thecross section of the blended yarn is experimentally analyzed by the migration index and Onion index the mechanical model related to the bending rigidity has been built up, and then it be reversibly attested by the results from the experiment; the optimum blended ratio of blende yarn is determined with the multi-objective optimization method and Matlab. 5 The heat endurance and mechanical property of SPF/polyester knitted fabric: the mechanical property of SP-PVAF/polyester knitted fabric is analyzed and compared with that of the yarn under the different sorts of heat treatment; by the analysis of the strength and elongation, colour and shrinkage rate, the suitable temperature of SP-PVAF fabric ir processing and end use is determined.By this study, several effective results and conclusions have been obtained. 1 By the analysis of FTIR, the composition of SP-PVAF is the same as that of the Vinylon. The SP-PVAFs have higher degree of crystallization and lower orientation than those of Vinylon fibers. The strength and modulus in wet of the SP-PVAFs are lower than those in dry By using the scanning electron microscopy, the skin-core structure, fibril structure and isurface morphology of SP-PVAF have been characterized. The thick of skin layer is about 0.6-1 μ m. The diameter of core layer is about 5-10 μ m. The size of fibril of the SP-PVAF is about 0.5-1 μ m. The effective method to eliminate the serious static electrical phenomenon is to increase the relative humidity. In the mean time, we should pay attention to the processing problem of the flexibility and the stick-slip of the fibers. The SP-PVAFs can be dyed with acid dyes, neutral dyes and direct dyes.2 The static friction coefficient and the kinetic friction coefficient of SP-PVAFs are 0. 287 and 0. 235 respectively. The friction coefficient increases with the increase of the pressure. Because of the更多还原