生鲜蔬菜质量安全管理问题研究

【作者】 周洁红；

【导师】 黄祖辉；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 管理学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 蔬菜总体质量不高,农药残留量严重超标是当前我国蔬菜出口均价下降、被拒入关等的直接原因,同时也威胁着我国人民的生命健康。因此,生鲜蔬菜质量安全问题,已成为我国政府和民众关注的焦点,成为影响我国蔬菜国际竞争力、持续增加我国农民收入的关键因素。 高效安全生鲜蔬菜管理制度的设计及实施关键取决于生产和消费的“理性选择”,只要安全生鲜蔬菜消费支付意愿低于生产者对安全生鲜蔬菜的期望价格,生鲜蔬菜安全管理规章制度再健全,安全生鲜蔬菜生产就无法执行。本文在充分考虑蔬菜数量供给安全性、蔬菜生产技术及流通对蔬菜质量安全的影响,确立我国生鲜蔬菜安全管理目标的前提下,以实地调查和问卷调查为基础,运用相关行为模型及理论,采用实证分析方法,对浙江省的生鲜蔬菜消费者、生产者行为及其影响因素,他们对现有蔬菜安全管理政策的评估选择等进行深入分析,并借鉴美、日两国蔬菜安全管理的经验,构建符合我国生鲜蔬菜安全管理目标的管理体系及相应政策措施。全文共分9章: 第1章和第2章是导论和研究综述部分。主要交代了研究背景和意义、研究的方法、研究的基本思路和框架,并给出了全文经济分析和管理研究的基本前提和研究假设。综述部分除系统地对蔬菜质量安全相关的食品安全管理理论及国内外研究进展进行回顾与评述外,运用市场失灵与制度矫正理论,分析了生鲜安全蔬菜“柠檬市场”的形成机制,从经济学角度揭示政府干预蔬菜“柠檬市场”的基本原理和蔬菜安全管理政策的作用机制。 第3章研究生鲜蔬菜质量安全的基本内涵及其管理目标。本章对本研究的对象生鲜蔬菜、生鲜蔬菜质量等概念进行界定的基础上,通过系统分析生鲜蔬菜的质量安全特性,影响生鲜蔬菜质量安全的技术环境因素,明确了在我国现有经济水平、农业生产力水平、农业生态环境水平状况下,安全生鲜蔬菜的内涵及其生鲜蔬菜质量安全管理目标。 第4章和第5章主要研究生鲜蔬菜质量安全问题的根源与制约因素。本部分主要从我国生鲜蔬菜生产和管理系统两方面对当前影响我国安全生鲜蔬菜发展的主要问题、根源及制约因素进行了深入分析。 第6章和第7章是实证研究部分。主要通过对不同类型蔬菜种植农产和消费者在浙江大学博士学位论文生鲜跪莱质全安全管理问题研究—以浙江省为例 各自期望效用下对安全生鲜蔬菜的认知,农户生产和消费者消费安全生鲜蔬菜的动机 及其影响因素,他们对当前政府安全管理政策的反应等分析,寻找影响生鲜蔬菜安全 管理的关键因素及有效生鲜蔬菜质量安全管理体系构建的方向。 运用Logit模型和单因素分析等方法对安全生鲜蔬菜消费行为的分析研究表明:消 费者对生鲜蔬菜安全的重视程度越大、对安全生鲜蔬菜相关信息的关注度越高,消费者 购买三类安全生鲜蔬菜倾向越高。一般来说,年龄越小,购买三类安全生鲜蔬菜的倾向 越大,己婚者较未婚者对安全生鲜蔬菜的购买倾向大,且随着消费者学历的增加,消费 者对安全生鲜蔬菜的购买倾向越大。但当前不同类型的消费者对生鲜蔬菜还缺乏真正了 解,消费者普遍认为安全生鲜蔬菜价格的涨幅应在10%一20%之间。总的看来,消费 者比较信任那些具有权威性的信息发布主体(政府部门、专业机构等),但消费者对当 前政府所提供的信息、技术等服务感到不满意。当前不同类型的消费者最需要政府随 时披露市场检测的结果,要求政府提高发布蔬菜安全信息的及时性和有效性,并要求从制度上保证企业、媒体、政府以及非政府部门信息传递的真实性。目前消费者对蔬菜风险的防范主要依靠第三方的卫生监督和管理,而自我防范生鲜蔬菜风险的意识较差,且中小城市居民自我防范生鲜蔬菜风险的意识较城市居民更差。 通过对浙江省不同地区蔬菜种植农户调查并根据调查数据进行因子分析和Logistic模型回归的结果表明:蔬菜种植农户的质量安全行为受其行为态度、目标和认知行为控制的影响。根据各先行变量对农户质量安全行为的总的影响效果看,决定生鲜蔬菜质量安全行为的影响因素由主到次为:化肥、农药对自然环境影响的认知、蔬菜种植面积、菜农家庭收入结构、菜农的道德责任感、菜农接受培训学习情况、菜农加入产业化组织、国家相关政策法规影响、社会舆论、期望内在报酬、获得认证情况、同行的影响、期望外在收益,且这些因素对农户的质量安全行为呈正的影响。从蔬菜种植农户的规模较大、蔬菜收入占家庭总收入比重较高的农户质量安全行为执行地相对较好的结果看,政府要鼓励蔬菜种植农户成为蔬菜专业户或积极引导蔬菜种植专业化;从政策法规、社会舆论等外界环境因素对农户的质量安全行为有一定的影响看,政府应借助这方面效力,并采用合适的形式引导蔬菜种植农户的行为有利于安全生产方式转化;从农户的质量安全行为目标还受同行的影响,政府有必要推行安全蔬菜生产示范户来弥补政府目前在技术指导、农民教育上的不足问题。分析结果还表明,收入的提高使菜农对质量安全行为会表现地更加积极。但55.90%的农户认为目前安全生鲜蔬菜没有实现优质优价,43.0%的农户认为当前认证的安全蔬菜没有规范的市场·、消更多还原

【Abstract】 The low vegetable quality and the serious pesticide residues not only directly result in the decreasing price of the exported vegetable and difficult access to the international market but also endanger people’s health. Therefore, the quality safety of fresh vegetable has become not only the focus of the government and the consumers but also the main factor of improving the international competitiveness of the vegetable industry and increasing the incomes of farmers.The design and implementation of the efficient fresh vegetable safety management system depend on the "rational choice "of production and consumption. The vegetable farmers will stop producing vegetable when the safe fresh vegetable price offered by the consumers is lower than the farmers’ expected price, no matter how perfect the safety management system of fresh vegetable is. On the preconditions of fully considering the effects of vegetable supply safety, vegetable production techniques and circulation on the quality safety of vegetable and establishing the objects of safety management of fresh vegetable in China, and on the basis of field work and questionnaire surveys, the paper analyzes the fresh vegetable consumers’ and producers’ behaviors, the influencing factors and their evaluation and choice of the existing policies on the safety management of vegetable in Zhejiang Province with the corresponding behavior models and theories, and the methods of the empirical study. The paper also puts forward an efficient and practical safety management system of fresh vegetable in China as well as corresponding policies and measures with the reference to the American and Japanese experience in safety management of vegetable. The paper consists of nine chapters:Chapter One "Introduction" and Chapter Two "Summarization of Study" describe the study’s background and significance, framework and methodology. Basic preconditions and theoretic hypotheses for the economic analysis are also put forward in this part. Besides the systematic review and remark of the domestic and overseas literatures on the quality safety of vegetable, Chapter Two also analyzes the mechanism of "the lemon market" of safe fresh vegetable with the theories of market failure and system rectification as well as the basicprinciples for the government to interfere in "the lemon market" and mechanism of safety management of vegetable from the perspective of economics.Chapter Three studies the basic connotations of quality safety of fresh vegetable and definition of its management objects. This chapter first defines the concepts such as fresh vegetable, quality of fresh vegetable and etc., then clarifies the connotations of safe and fresh vegetable and its management objects in the existing economic level, agricultural production level, agricultural ecological level in China based on the analysis of the characteristics of quality safety of fresh vegetable and influencing technical and environmental factors.Chapter Four and Chapter Five explore the causes and restrictive factors of quality safety of fresh vegetable. The main issues, causes and restrictive factors of the development of the safe and fresh vegetable in China are carefully analyzed from the perspective of the fresh vegetable production and management system.Chapter Six and Chapter Seven discuss the empirical study". The key factors influencing safety management of fresh vegetable and the orientation of constructing an effective quality safety management system of fresh vegetable are found out on the basis of the analysis of the consumers’ and farmers’ perception of safe fresh vegetable, the motivation of producing and consuming, the main factors affecting such perception and motivation and their responses to food safety management policies of the government.The results of the analysis of the behaviors of the safe fresh vegetable consumers with the methods of Logit Model and single factor analysis show that the more they attach importance to the vegetable safety and the information concerned, the more safe fresh vegetable they will buy.更多还原