【作者】 朱文胜；

【导师】 胡军；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 产业经济学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 新中国保险业50余年的发展历程可分为创建发展期、国内保险业务停办期、恢复重建期、全面发展期等几个阶段,包含着极其丰富的制度变迁内涵。本文运用新制度经济学和产业经济学的相关理论,从产权结构、国家行为、意识形态三个方面对中国保险业制度变迁的过程进行了实证分析,全面评价了中国保险业制度变迁的绩效。 本文认为,产权制度是中国保险业最核心和基础的制度变量,国有产权内生的矛盾发展所导致的低效率是中国保险业产权安排由垄断性的国有产权向公有产权与私有产权混合并存演变的根本原因,中国保险业也从国家完全垄断经营的行业发展为国有产权为主导、多种产权形式相互竞争的行业;国家根据其效用函数决定产权结构和公共产品或服务的供给,无论是国家垄断产权形式的确立,国内保险业务的停办,还是国家在保险产权边界上的逐步退让,都是国家在当时的制度条件下效用最大化的必然选择,国家在重新界定保险业的产权结构的同时,不断修改和调整博弈规则,降低交易费用,使保险业的产出最大化,以实现国家效用的最大化;意识形态是减少提供其他制度安排的交易费用的最重要的制度安排,我国自古以来建立在以自给自足为特征的农业社会基础上的依靠自我储蓄和政府救济应对风险的传统意识形态,以及国内保险业务停办二十年使人们保险意识的淡化,阻碍了商业保险的发展,而改革开放后中国社会生产力的发展和生产关系的调整,养老、失业、医疗等社会保障制度的改革以及信息成本的降低,使人们的风险意识明显增强,商业保险作为转移风险的有效方式逐渐为人们所认识和接受,我国意识形态的变化对保险业制度变迁产生了积极的推动作用。 本文从市场运行绩效和宏观经济绩效两个方面评价了中国保险业制度变迁的绩效。本文认为,中国保险业制度变迁在市场运行绩效上表现为:(1)业务规模迅速扩张,(2)资源配置效率得以改善,(3)保险技术不断进步,(4)偿付能力显著提高;在宏观经济绩效上则体现为:(1)减轻了财政负担,(2)促进了改革的顺利进行,(3)扩大了就业范围,(4)完善了金融体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 The process over fifty years of insurance industry development in New China falls into the period of foundation and development, the period of closing down domestic insurance operation, the period of renewal and restoration and the period of all-over development, involving plenty of complicacy of institutional change. On the basis of the relative theories of neo- institutional economics and industrial economics, this paper gives an analytic demonstration on the process of institutional change of Chinese insurance industry from the aspects of property right structure, national action and ideology, fully evaluating the performance of institutional change of Chinese insurance industry.This paper holds the opinion that property right system is the most nuclear and elemental institutional variable of Chinese insurance industry, and the inefficiency resulting from endogenetic conflict of national property right is the fundamental cause of property right arrangement of Chinese insurance industry, containing the shifting from monopoly national property right to concurrent mixture of public property right and private property right, and Chinese insurance industry also developing from national monopoly industry to national leading and varied forms competitive industry. The state decides the property right structure and the supply of public products and service according to its utility functions, and whichever establishment of national monopoly property right pattern, closing down home insurance operation or gradual retreat from insurance property right border, it is the inevitable choice of utility maximization of the state under the institutional conditions of the time. At the same time of re-defining the property right structure of insurance industry, the state has been revising and adjusting the game theory, and has been reducing the transaction costs, to make production maximization of the insurance industry, to achieve the state utility maximization. Ideology is the most important institutional arrangement in reducing transaction costs of other institutional arrangement. The traditional ideology, which has been on the basis of agricultural society with the feature of self-sufficiency and self-saving and dealing with risks by administrative remedy, and people’s insurance ideas dropping off by closing down home insurance over twenty years have deactivated the development of commercial insurance. With the development of social productive force and the adjustment of production relation since China’s reform and opening to the outside world, with the reform of system of social security as old age support, unemployment and medical care and cut in information costs, people’sinsurance consciousness have boosted apparently, and commercial insurance as an effective mean of transferring risks has been realized and accepted gradually. The change of ideology gives institutional change of insurance industry a great push forward.This paper evaluates the performance of institutional change of Chinese insurance industry from the aspects of the performance of market operation and the performance of macro-economy. It states that the performance of market operation of institutional change of Chinese insurance industry is marked by rapid expansion of business scale, improvement of efficiency of distribution of resources, progress in insurance technology and obvious improvement in solvency, and the performance of macro-economy marked by lightening financial burden, promoting the reform, expanding the range of employment and improving the financial system.更多还原