【作者】 陈晓燕；

【导师】 陆桂华； 杨晓华；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 本文针对旱情监测预测系统建设中的田间持水量分布以及相对蒸发量计算问题，进行了深入的研究。 研究内容分为三部分。首先在系统研究国内外有关土壤田间持水量确定方法的基础上，明确了各种方法的物理意义和适用条件，并利用现有的资料，用点估算模型和系数估算模型两种方法，对土壤田间持水量进行初步研究，结果表明了点估算模型在田间持水量研究中的优势。然后从现有的资料条件出发，提出了针对系统建设要求的方法：先得出基于大范围旱情监测预测系统的217个土壤单元，再结合我国土壤分布的地带性规律，综合分析影响土壤田间持水量的各类因素，然后在对各片区土壤的田间持水量相对大小有一个定性结论的基础上，结合现有的土壤田间持水量资料，定性、定量相结合，最终确定全国土壤田间持水量分布。 本文第二部分从系统的信息要求出发，在第一部分确定的研究方法的基础上，从土壤成因、成土母质、土壤熟化程度、结构组成、质地状况以及土地利用类型等影响土壤田间持水量的因素着手，对全国范围内有代表性的六种土壤进行分析，并结合现有资料和模型方法的计算结果，经过合理推算、插值，确定了六大区土壤的土壤田间持水量。最后以六大区土壤田间持水量值为参照，在全国土壤干旱区划的基础上，确定了全国217个土壤单元的田间持水量。 本文第三部分采用表面能量平衡系统的原理和方法，通过对卫星遥感资料和气象观测资料进行预处理，将卫星遥感资料与地面气象资料相结合，通过计算一系列的物理参数，计算出地表的相对蒸发，又通过地表相对蒸发估算土壤含水状况，从而达到监测旱情的目的。最后还将表面能量平衡系统成果，与水利部水利信息中心目前运行的土壤缺水量旱情监测成果对比分析，结果表明，表面能量平衡系统在旱情监测预测系统建设中具有良好的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this dissertation, a farther research on points of field capacity and relative evaporation of drought monitor and prediction system construction has been done.It includes three main parts of this dissertation. In the first part, methods of ascertain field capacity was studied systematically both in China and aboard, and the physical meaning of each method as well as clarifying the applying conditions of each method was analyzed also. Based on the extant data, two methods of Point-estimation model and Coefficient-estimation model that can ascertain field capacity were discussed, the result shows that Point-estimation model has more advantage on field capacity research. As the lack of the extant data, a relative method was put forward: 217 earth units aimed at the drought monitor and prediction system were partitioned firstly, then based on analyzing of distribution rules and effect factor of china soil, a conclusion that can estimate the field capacity of each unit was put forward, and combine with the extant data, the distribution of the field capacity of China can be established.In the second part, the six kinds of representative soil in China were analyzed firstly, then based on the method that had be educed in the first part, with analysis of the main factor that effects the field capacity, including soil matrix, mellow degree, soil structure, soil texture and soil utilization, and combine with the extant data and result of model method, the field capacity of the six representative areas was ascertained. Lastly, with frame of reference of the six areas, the field capacity of each unit of China was ascertained.In the third part, based on the theory of surface energy balance, the remote sensing data and meteorologic data were pretreated first. Then the 13 indexes were calculated based on the result of pretreatment, and the relative evaporation was ascertained, the water condition of each soil unit was estimated also, thus the purpose of drought monitor and prediction was achieved. At the end of the third part, the result of the land surface energy balance system was contrasted with the result of soil drought monitor developed by the Information Centre of Water Ministry, and the result of comparison shows that the theory of surface energy balance was a useful method in the construction of drought monitor and prediction system.更多还原