【作者】 郝瑜；

【导师】 刘献君；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 高等教育学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 高等教育大众化是美国著名学者马丁·特罗教授在对美国和欧洲高等教育发展考察的基础上,于1973年提出的有关高等教育发展理论。20世纪60年代以来,高等教育大众化成为世界高等教育发展的趋势;进入90年代以来,我国的一些地区也纷纷提出了高等教育大众化的目标,但尚未完全形成一种发展趋势。1999年,在中共中央、国务院颁布的《深化教育改革全面推进素质教育的决定》和国务院批转教育部的《面向21世纪教育振兴行动计划》中明确提出,到2010年我国高等教育毛入学率达到15%,“吹响了向大众化高等教育进军的号角”。随着1999年以来的全国高等学校“扩招”,陕西高等教育的规模发展十分迅速,2002年高等教育毛入学率首次达到15%。然而,在陕西高等教育规模不断扩大的同时,高等教育系统内部也出了一些困难和问题,引起了社会和政府的高度关注和重视。本论文立足于推动陕西高等教育大众化进程的实践案例性研究,通过对地处西部的国家高等教育基地——陕西的大众化进程研究,探索和构建其发展理论,科学确定其发展目标和任务,提出相应的实现对策和思路,为陕西、西部乃至全国高等教育大众化的实现以尽绵力,具有较强的针对性。本论文在追溯马丁·特罗大众化理论的由来和分析其内涵的基础上,对高等教育大众化的量变与质变的关系进行了阐释,并且明确的指出:只有从量与质相结合的角度来分析思考高等教育大众化,才能真正理解高等教育大众化的意义及其关键所在。马丁·特罗高等教育大众化理论的实质是量变与质变的相互依存的发展理论;15%与50%这一组数字,使高等教育规模扩张的单调数字有了质的内涵。这种思路和方法不仅有助于人们对不同国家或地区高等教育发展中量的增长与质的转变进行多维比较,为研究高等教育大众化进程中的问题提供新的视角,而且也可以为一个国家或地区制定高等教育体制改革与规模发展政策提供理论指导。本论文在历史地回顾陕西高等教育发展的“昨天”和有针对性地分析陕西高等教育发展“今天”现状的基础上,以马丁·特罗提出的高等教育大众化理论为基准,以美、英、日、韩四国高等教育大众化的经验与教训为启示,对陕西高等教育现有的毛入学率、投入、功能、管理体制与国际公认的高等教育大众化相关指标水平之间的差距作了全面的分析,提出了毛入学率20%是陕西高等教育大众化阶段的最低标准。同时,在把陕西高等教育的现状作为高等教育大众化的现实基础与制约因素进行二维调研分析的基础上,对陕西高等教育大众化的理论创新进行了探索;认为,陕西高等教<WP=4>育大众化的“适度超前,稳步发展”、“分区实施,低重心发展”、“政府主导,多元化发展”三个原则,是构成陕西高等教育大众化理论框架的主要要素,既具有可行性又具有现实指导意义。据此,本论文又提出了陕西高等教育大众化的战略重点选择,即“数量优先”、“高职高专为主导”、“内涵与外延并重,以外延为主”的发展战略。本论文以2006年为近期,2010年为中期,2020年为远期,根据对陕西高等教育的现状、困难和问题的分析及其未来经济和社会发展的预测,在遵循本论文对陕西高等教育大众化理论构建的基础上,提出了实现陕西高等教育大众化并逐渐向普及化迈进的总目标,及建立起管理体制和布局结构基本合理、办学形式多样、学科门类结构合理、规模效益较好,教育质量较高,适应社会主义市场体制和现代化建设需要,与陕西经济和社会发展紧密结合,比较成熟的区域性社会主义高等教育体系的具体目标;使陕西真正成为全国高等教育大省和强省,成为西部乃至全国的人才培养、科学研究基地。要实现这一目标,各级政府、各级各类高等教育机构都要承担起自己的责任和任务,同时,要把改革办学体制、优化高等教育结构、创新投资体制和大力发展高中阶段教育、建立质量保障体系、促进毕业生就业等六个方面作为陕西高等教育大众化的实现对策和途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 The theory of higher education massification is a theory of higher education development, which was advanced in 1973 by Professor Martin Trow, a famous American scholar on his observation of the development of higher education in USA and Europe. Since the 60s of the 20th century, the trend of higher education massification has become world-wide. However, China did not follow the trend until the 90s of the last century though people in many places took higher education massification as their aims for higher education development. In 1999, the Central Committee and the State Council declared clearly in the “Resolution to Deepen the Reform of Education so as to Push Forward Quality-Oriented Education” and the “Program of Action to Vitalize Education in the 21st Century” that the country’s higher education enrollment rate for suitable age group would reach 15% by the year 2005, meaning that “China has sounded the bugle to advance for higher education massification.” Along with the nation wide “enrollment expansion” of colleges and universities in 1999, the higher education scale of Shaanxi province expanded rapidly and the enrollment rate for suitable age group reached 15% in 2002. Nevertheless, while the higher education enrollment kept on growing, there appeared inside the higher education system many difficulties and problems, which had touched off great concern and attention to. This dissertation has based itself on a practical case study to push forward the course of higher education massification in Shaanxi, aiming to frame a theory structure for its course. It has also the purpose to outline scientifically the objectives and tasks for its course and to put forward proper ways for implementation of higher education massification in the province.By tracing back to the origin of Martin Trow’s theory of higher education massification, the author of this dissertation explains in detail the relations between quantity and quality changes during the course of higher education massification. And then, the author puts forward that a real understanding of the meaning of higher education massification and its key point lies only on the consideration of higher education massification from the angle of a combination of quantities with qualities. The essence of <WP=6>Martin Trow’s theory is a theory of development interdependent of changes between quantity and quality. The figures of 15% and 50% have added quality connotations to the dull numbers indicating the growth of student numbers at colleges and universities. Martin Trow’s theory is not only helpful for a multi-comparison between quantity growth and quality shift during the development of higher education in a region or a country so as to provide with a new angle to the studies of problems founded in the course of higher education massification, but it may also be able to provide with theoretical guidance for a region or country to work out policies for its higher education system reform or enrollment expansion.Looking back to the course of higher education development in Shaanxi “yesterday” and summing up the present conditions of higher education in Shaanxi “today,” the author of this dissertation takes into consideration Martin Trow’s theory of higher education massification as well as experiences or lessons of US, UK, Japan and South Korea in their courses of higher education massification. Then, the author analyses in an all round way the differences between international standard and Shaanxi’s higher education enrollment rate for suitable age group, higher education investment, higher education functions, system of higher education management, etc, suggesting that the minimum mass higher education enrollment rate for suitable age group in Shaanxi should be 20%. At the same time, the author probes into a new theory for higher education massification in Shaanxi and considers the following three principles as elements for the new theory which he thinks it is suitable for the province: “appropriate excess of higher education over economic deve更多还原