【作者】 杜学元；

【导师】 文辅相；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 高等教育学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 本文所指的女子高等教育是相对于女子中低层次而言的一种高一层次的教育，是以培养女子高素质即妇德、妇言、妇容、妇工以及素质高文化为目的的教育。社会女性观是一个社会对女性看法的总和，它左右和影响着女性的成长和发展，是社会政治、经济和文化的综合反映。基于中国两千多年历史文化所形成的社会女性观对中国女子高等教育产生和发展的深远影响，以男性为中心的社会观念所形成的学术定势和知识体系难以客观地反映女子高等教育的真实情况，因此，本文运用女性主义视角（women’s perspective or feminism perspective）来审视中国女子高等教育发展的历史轨迹，这将有利于还原其本来面目。 当我们用女性主义视角审视中国女子高等教育时，发现其起源于先秦，并且拥有独特的体系。在壬子癸丑学制以前的中国，女子高等教育的实施体系有：家庭——主流系统，社会（政府社会教化机构、宗族家族及民间交往等）——第二主流系统，宫廷——家庭、社会的补充和家庭的延伸系统，寺庙——家庭、社会与宫廷的补充系统，学校和留学——偶尔的系统。在壬子癸丑学制以后，女子高等教育的实施体系发生了重要变化，学校女子高等教育系统与留学女子高等教育系统上升为第一、二主流系统，虽这部分不在本文研究范围之内，不过在论述晚清后期的女子高等教育时已开始体现这种变化。 用女性主义视角对中国先秦至晚清的女子高等教育进行研究，形成我们的关怀主义女子高等教育价值观。中国精英女子的知识经验在人类发展的历史长河中具有独特地位，应得到社会的认可和发扬。女子高等教育是女性发展和社会进步所必需的，它不仅提高女性的自身素质和社会地位，同时还是促进社会进步的重要途径。只有变更落后的社会女性观，才能促进女子高等教育的发展。 本研究以社会女性观的发展变化及其对中国女子高等教育的影响作为研究的切入点，按女性主体意识的压抑时期（先秦至两汉）、复苏时期（魏晋至五代）、初步沦落时期（宋元）、彻底沦落时期（明至前清）、复兴时期（晚清）分别讨论了各个时期的社会女性观与女子高等教育，认为中国传统文化的社会女性观强化着中国传统的女子高等教育，而女性主体意识的觉醒是变革传统女子高等教育的重要前提。随着社会的进步和女性主体意识的发展，在近现代社会，女性观发生了很大的变化，尤其是男女平等观的确立促使女子与男子一样平等地接受各类高等教育，女子接受高等教育后 I<WP=4>又加快了社会女性观的变革，促进社会物质文明和精神文明的提高。因此，女子高等教育对于女子发展和社会发展都是十分必要的，还原中国女子高等教育的历史，总结其发展经验，对于搞好今天及以后的女子高等教育具有重要的借鉴价值。本研究的独特价值在于：在研究视角上，采用了女性主义研究视角，研究方法上采用了以史为主、史论结合的方法，研究维度上抓住社会女性观、女性主体意识的发展变化及其相互影响，从而还原了中国女子高等教育的真实面貌，改变了人们长期认为的中国古代无女子高等教育的传统观念。在研究观点上，不仅重新界定了女子高等教育概念，而且认为社会女性观对女子高等教育有着深远的影响，女性主体意识的觉醒又促使了中国女子高等教育的改革。在史料的挖掘、整理与综合上，为中国高等教育史的研究填补了重要的一页，这是本研究的核心内容。在本研究之前，虽然有不少学者的研究涉及了中国女子高等教育，但基本上都囿于近现代范围。本研究的重点则在古代女子高等教育上，许多内容都是在原始文献中寻找的。这一史料的挖掘可能超过研究方法与研究观点方面的价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Compared with female middle level education and lower level education, the femalehigher education, in the thesis, is a higher level education, it aims at promoting female’shigh qualities including female virtues, female language, female appearance, female skillsand culture. Social female view is the general opinion of female in society, it Steers andinfluences the growth and development of female higher education, and it is the compositeexpression on social politics, economics and culture. Based on the deep influences on theemergence and development of Chinese female higher education by social female viewbeing formed by historic culture over two thousand years, the academic orientation andknowledge system formed in the male-oriented society are hard to reflect objectively thetruth of female higher education. Therefore supervising its historic development bywomen’s perspective in this thesis, we could come up with the nature of women highereducation. When examining the history of Chinese female higher education by the feminismperspective, we can find that Chinese female higher education originated from the pre-Qindays, and it has its own system. Before Renzi-Guichou Educational System, the runningsystem of female higher education consisted of home system---the leading system, socialsystem (teaching institutes of government in the society, clans, brothels,communication inthe society and so on )----sub-mainstream system, court system----the complement andextending of home system, monastic system----the complement system of home, social andcourt system, school system and oversea system----the Occasional system. AfterRenzi-Guichou Educational System, the running system of Chinese female highereducation has had being a series of changes, school female higher education and overseafemale higher education have developed into the leading system, it is not discussed in thisthesis, but these changes can be displayed in the late of late-Qing’s women highereducation. We may, through feminism perspective, discover the value of female higher educationby examining the history of female higher education from pre-Qin to late-Qing.. Women’sknowledge and experience has a special position in history, it should be admitted and III<WP=6>publicized by the society. Female higher education is prerequisite to the development ofwomen and society, it not only improves the women themselves sharing all kinds of rightswith men equally but also promotes the development of society as well. Only to changebackward social female view, we can promote the development of Chinese female highereducation . The present study, based on the previous researches on female education , this thesistries to explore the social female view and female higher education in each periodrespectively, according to the constraining period of female subjective consciousness(frompre-Qin to Han dynasty),the recovering period(from Wei to FiveDai dynasty),the partialsinking period(from Song to Yuan dynasty),the complete sinking period(from Ming topre-Qing dynasty) and the reviving period(late-Qing dynasty), it shows that the femaleview of Chinese traditional culture have strengthened Chinese traditional female highereducation and the arousal of female subjective consciousness is an important premise ofreforming traditional female higher education. With the development of society and femalesubjective consciousness, the female view has had great changes in modern society,especially the personal view with men equal to women cause the real equality of acceptinghigher education between men and women. The fact that women accept higher educationmakes a rapid step to reform traditional female view and also improves the social spiritualcivilization and material civilization. Therefore the development of female highereducation is very important to the overall of women as well as the society. Restoring thereal features of Chinese female hi更多还原