【作者】 顾力刚；

【导师】 陈荣秋； 韩福荣；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 VDT作业是伴随着计算机广泛应用而出现的一种全新的作业形式。随着社会信息化水平的不断提高,VDT作业已成为现代劳动中具有代表性的作业。VDT作业的作业形态、对作业者生理和心理的影响不同于传统的办公室作业和车间作业。它的出现对作业管理提出了新的要求,成为现代作业管理新的研究领域。本文从视觉疲劳、局部骨骼肌疲劳和精神疲劳等方面对VDT作业研究进行了综述。在系统地分析了国内外VDT作业研究现状的基础上,对VDT作业及其管理研究中有待于解决的问题进行了深入的研究。采用实验研究的方法研究了VDT作业对固视运动的影响,建立了评价视觉疲劳的新指标。视觉疲劳是VDT作业引发身心疲劳的主要表现形式之一。客观、准确地评价VDT作业者的视觉疲劳是VDT作业研究的重要内容。目前广泛使用的调节近点距离和闪烁融合频率这二项评价视觉疲劳的指标存在着固有的缺欠。为了建立评价VDT作业视觉疲劳的新指标,通过实验研究了VDT作业对固视运动的影响。2小时的VDT作业使固视运动的微跳动成分和漂移成分的运动特性发生了显著的变化。这种变化是眼球运动系统固视机能低下的结果,反映了固视运动的疲劳特性。固视运动是注视静止点视标时眼球产生的无意识的微小运动,与调节近点距离和闪烁融合频率相比,能够客观、准确地反映视觉系统的疲劳状态。固视运动对视觉疲劳反应敏感,疲劳的检出能力远远大于调节近点距离和闪烁融合频率,是评价VDT作业者视觉疲劳的新指标。VDT作业疲劳的模糊综合评价。多级模糊综合评价是对受多因素影响的事物进行总体评价的有效方法。根据多级模糊综合评价的要求和VDT作业引发疲劳感的特点,从视觉疲劳、局部骨骼肌疲劳和精神疲劳三个方面设计了评价指标体系,建立了VDT作业疲劳的二级模糊综合评价模型。实证研究表明该模型能够对VDT作业者的疲劳程度做出正确的评价。模型中有关构造评判矩阵的信息可通过问卷调查的方式获得,效率高成本低,且具有良好的可靠性。我们提出的VDT作业疲劳二级模糊综合评价模型便于现场应用,为企事业单位在VDT作业管理中全面、客观、准确地评价作业者的疲劳程度提供了新的方法。 <WP=4>VDT作业视觉环境的综合评价。在综合分析了VDT作业视觉环境中各种因素对作业者可能产生影响的基础上,从照度、亮度、眩光、视屏显示质量、光色等方面设计了评价VDT作业视觉环境的指标体系,建立了评价模型,并利用该模型对某些企业VDT作业场所的视觉环境进行了评价。应用实例的结果表明,该模型能够对VDT作业场所的视觉环境质量做出正确的评价。模型中各项指标的量化信息可以通过问卷调查的方式获得,运算过程简单,便于掌握和应用,为企事业单位在VDT作业管理中评价视觉环境,确认管理对策效果提供了有效的方法。VDT作业管理。VDT作业管理有其特殊性。根据管理学、系统科学、工效学的理论和方法,针对VDT作业的特征及其管理的客观要求,构建了VDT作业管理的框架。从作业组织、作业环境、作业空间布置及健康管理等方面探讨了VDT作业管理的内容、管理模式和管理流程,以期通过有效的管理在提高个人效率和组织效率的同时,预防、减轻VDT作业者的生理和心理疲劳,提高劳动者的工作生活质量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Visual Display Terminal (VDT) work is a new type of work brought with the wide application of computers. It has become a typical type of work in modern society with the advancement in information science. VDT work differs from conventional office work and workshop work in terms of the form of work and the influence on the operator. As a new field of study in modern operation management, it sets new requirements to operation management. After discussing VDT work in terms of visual fatigue, musculoskeletal symptoms, psychological fatigue, etc, the thesis probes into VDT work and its management in the following aspects.(1) Setting up a new index to evaluate visual fatigue by examining the influence of VDT work on involuntary eye movement with experimental studies.Visual fatigue is one manifestation of physiological and psychological fatigue brought about by VDT work. To evaluate the VDT operator’s visual fatigue objectively and accurately is an important part of VDT studies. The two currently widely used indexes, Near Point Distance (NP) and Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency (CFF), have their intrinsic defects. In order to explore a new index for evaluating visual fatigue, the thesis studies the variation of involuntary eye movement caused by visual load of VDT work through experiments. The notable change in the characteristics of the movement of flick and drift component is recognized after 2-hour VDT work. Such a change is the result of the decline in the function of involuntary eye movement system, which shows the fatigue characteristic of involuntary eye movement. As physiological nystagmus, involuntary eye movement can reflect visual fatigue objectively and accurately as compared with NP and CFF. Being sensitive to and more effective in detecting visual fatigue than NP and CFF, involuntary eye movement is a new index for evaluating the visual fatigue of VDT operators.(2) Fuzzy synthetic evaluation of VDT operators’ fatigueThe fuzzy synthetic evaluation is an effective method to appraise objects influenced <WP=6>by multiple factors. Based on fuzzy mathematics theory and the fatigue characteristic of VDT operators, an evaluation index system and a two-grade fuzzy synthetic evaluation model of VDT operators’ fatigue are set up. The case studies show the model is effective in evaluating VDT operators’ fatigue. The data to build judgment matrix is obtained by questionnaire, which costs a little but is reliable. The two-grade fuzzy synthetic evaluation model of VDT operators’ fatigue can be easily applied in companies to evaluate VDT operators’ fatigue.(3) Synthetic evaluating the visual environment of VDT workAfter an overall analysis of the possible effect of the visual environment on VDT operators, an evaluation index system and a synthetic evaluation model of the visual environment of VDT work are established, with illuminance, luminance, glare, etc. taken into consideration. This model has been proved effective in evaluating the visual environment of VDT work in some companies. The data is obtained by questionnaire and the calculating process is simple. The model, which can be easily mastered and applied, provides companies with an effective method to evaluate the visual environment of VDT work and then take some countermeasures.(4) VDT work managementVDT work management has its particularity. According to the characteristics of VDT work and its management, a framework of VDT work management is set up based on the theories and methods in management, systematic science and ergonomics. The content, mode and process of VDT work management are discussed in terms of operation organization, work environment, workstation layout and health management, with a view to raising the efficiency of individuals and corporations, reducing and preventing VDT operators’ physiological and psychological fatigue, and improving their quality of working life.更多还原