【作者】 万幼清；

【导师】 邹珊刚；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 可持续发展是人类寻求与生态环境和谐共存的一个长期探索的过程。可持续发展的核心,就是谋求人口、资源、环境的协调发展。旅游业必须遵循可持续发展这一原则,实现“旅游与自然、文化和人类生存环境成为一个整体”。保护生态环境,促进可持续发展,已经成为世界各国的共同目标和战略选择。在旅游业快速发展的情况下,保护好生态环境和文化遗产,推动旅游业向可持续旅游业转变,是当今世界环境与发展的一个重大而紧迫的课题。本文以科学发展观为指导,在广泛收集文献并进行实际调查的基础上,对于旅游可持续发展的理论进行了深入分析,并对于国内外旅游可持续发展的实践进行了实证研究。在充分了解国内外相关研究现状的基础上,运用逻辑与历史相统一的方法,本文对于主要的旅游可持续发展概念进行了深入研究,提出了强调“以人为本”与“科技创新”相结合的角度对旅游可持续发展概念进行了重新界定;明确提出了旅游可持续发展的层次性;提出了自然生态与文化生态概念,并用这些概念分析旅游可持续发展的影响因素;提出了实现旅游可持续发展所必须坚持的基本理念。本文运用管理学的相关理论和方法,对于旅游可持续发展系统的运行机制进行了深入研究,着重分析了旅游可持续发展的激励机制、约束机制和调控机制,说明了旅游可持续发展系统是经济、社会、资源、环境和人的协调发展的复杂巨系统。旅游活动对于旅游资源具有极大的依赖性,旅游环境容量决定着旅游能够实现可持续发展的规模。本文对旅游环境容量的内涵、特征、影响因素进行了深入的探讨,分析了旅游环境容量的四项主要构成要素―生态环境容量、资源空间容量、心理容量和经济容量的内涵及其影响参数,提出了旅游地环境容量最小原理,并在此基础上建立了旅游地环境容量经济效益综合计量模型,为简化旅游地环境容量计算提供了理论依据,为旅游业及旅游资源的科学管理提供了有效工具。对旅游发展状况的评价是制定旅游可持续发展战略和旅游规划的基础。本文运用系统理论和方法构架了旅游可持续发展评价指标体系,提出了旅游可持续发展评价指标体系应该包括系统环境对旅游的支撑、旅游业发展现状指标、旅游业发展趋势指标和旅游与区域协调指标四大部分。在此基础上,根据旅游可持续发展评价指标选择的<WP=4>基本原则,确立了旅游可持续发展各个方面因素的47个因子指标,并分别对这些因子指标进行了定义。为了有效评价旅游可持续发展,文中采用层次分析法,确定了各个指标的权重,并对指标进行无量纲化处理,建立了指标体系的理论框架。旅游安全是旅游管理者和经营者都必须重视的问题,旅游安全管理研究则是研究者和实践者面临的一个全新课题。本文根据对旅游安全理论的探讨,确定了旅游安全预警系统的预警警级,设计了旅游安全预警系统,对于旅游安全预警系统首次应用了BP人工神经网络理论。目前预警系统一般采用单一的层次分析法、模糊决策法或神经网络法,本文采用模糊优选和BP神经网络相结合的方法,克服了单一使用某种方法的不足,大大提高了预警系统的灵敏度和可靠性。本文不仅在方法上有所创新,而且还确定了旅游预警指标体系,较好地实现了旅游安全理论与实践的交融。本文对于国内外旅游业可持续发展的实践进行了综合分析,提出了旅游业可持续发展的政策建议,并以云南省为对象进行了案例研究,研究云南旅游业可持续发展,对西部地区旅游业走可持续发展道路最具有代表性、示范性和带动性,对全国旅游业的可持续发展,将产生重大和深远影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sustainable development is that mankind has been seeking for a long time to coexist with ecological environment harmoniously. The core of sustainable development is to seek for the development of population, resources and environment harmoniously. Tourist industry must follow this principle of sustainable development and realize traveling, nature, culture and living environment of mankind as a whole.Protecting ecological environment and promoting sustainable development has already become common targets and strategic choices of all countries over the world. Nowadays, with the fast development of tourism industry, not only to protect the ecological environment and cultural heritage well, but also to promote tourism industry to transform into sustainable tourism industry becomes a great and urgent subject of the environment and development of the world.On the basis of scientific development view and collecting documents and carrying on real investigation extensively, the theory of sustainable development in has been carried on in-depth analysis in the paper, and the positive research to practice of sustainable development of in both domestic and international countries has been done. On the basis of complete understanding of the current situation of domestic and international relevant research, using the method of unifying logic and history together, the concept of sustainable development in tourism has further investigated in the paper. The new sustainable development concept in tourism has been defined on the view of emphasizing on combining ‘scientific and technical innovation’ with ‘people first’. The concept of the level of sustainable development of tourism industry, the natural ecology and culture ecology, have been clearly put forwarded in the paper. The factor which influences the sustainable development of the tourism industry has been analyzed and the basic idea which should be adheres to in sustainable development of tourism industry has been suggested. With the help of the relevant theories and methods of management, the operating mechanism in the sustainable development system to industry has been further investigated , and the incentive mechanism, the restraint mechanism and regulation and control mechanism of sustainable development of the industry have been analyzed emphatically, and that the sustainable development system of the industry is the complicated and huge systems developed in harmony of economy , society , resource , environment and people has been illustrated. <WP=6>The tourism activity depends greatly on the tourism resources, as the capacity of tourism environment determines the scale to realize sustainable development in tourism industry. In the paper the meaning, characteristics and the influencing factors of the capacity of tourism environment have been discussed deeply, and the main four parts of the capacity of tourism environment have been analyzed, which are the meaning of the capacity of ecological environment, the capacity of resource space, the psychological capacity and the influencing parameter of them. In the paper the principle of the environmental minimum capacity in the tourist site has been proposed, and also the economic benefits of the environmental capacity in the tourist site and measured model have been set up, which offers the theoretical foundation for simplifying the calculation of environmental capacity in the tourist site, and also provides effective tools for scientific management of tourism industry and tourism resources.The comment on the condition of the development of tourism industry is the foundation to make the strategy and planning for sustainable development in . By using the systematic theory and method the evaluation index system for sustainable development in has been proposed and for the first time the proposal that the sustainable development evaluation index system of should include four part:the support of the systematic environment to the tourism industry, the development index to the current situation of tourism industry, the更多还原