【作者】 高仕斌；

【导师】 钱清泉；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 电力系统及其自动化， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 高速铁路在世界上已不是一个新鲜事物，但在中国还处在筹划阶段。在不久的将来，势必会出现中国的高速铁路，秦沈客运专线的建成就是一个很好的前奏。《中长期铁路网规划》要求：为满足快速增长的旅客运输要求，建立省会城市及大中城市间的快速客运通道，规划“四纵四横”铁路快速客运通道以及三个城际快速客运系统。 从常速铁路的经验可以发现，由于我国工艺水平、管理水平等方面的原因，牵引网故障率、牵引变压器的故障率较国外要高得多，牵引供电系统保护的拒动和误动时有发生。国外的技术固然可以采纳，仅限于吸收国外技术是不能满足中国铁路，尤其是高速铁路的运行要求的。本文力求对高速铁路牵引供电系统馈线、变压器的保护原理进行系统的研究，为中国高速铁路建设准备一定的技术基础，同时完善现有牵引供电系统保护原理和功能、提高其工作可靠性。 关于牵引供电系统馈线保护，在深入分析牵引负荷的非线性、移动性、剧烈波动性、谐波含量高等特点，以及牵引网故障特征和常规原理的馈线保护误动或拒动行为的基础上，分别提出了由电流中综合谐波含量控制的三段自适应距离保护原理、自适应电流增量保护原理，和由自由相电压中综合谐波含量控制的自适应电压增量的异相短路故障保护原理；这些原理分别经过了现场运行或仿真试验的验证，结果表明原理是正确的。 关于牵引网瞬时性与永久性故障识别，系统地分析了复线电力牵引网同一方向上、下行线路既有电感耦合，又有电容耦合，以及瞬时性故障时，故障线路的耦合电压决定于电感耦合和电容耦合，而永久性故障时，耦合电压主要决定于电感耦合的特征，提出了基于耦合电压的自适应故障性质识别原理；仿真试验表明：该原理识别瞬时性与永久性故障的灵敏度很高。 关于三相—两相(四相)平衡变压器的差动保护，从理论上优化了阻抗匹配平衡变压器差动保护的动作方程；论证了除阻抗匹配平衡变压器外的三相—两相(四相)平衡变压器原、次边电流变换关系的统一性，这一论断对于指导三相—两相(四相)平衡变压器差动保护的研究与运行具有积极意义；系统地研究了三相—两相(四相)平衡变压器差动保护的整定原则，给出了整定计算公式，为运行管理部门进行三相—两相(四相)平衡变压器差动保护整定提供了理论依据。 关于基于模型的变压器保护原理，通过深入分析牵引变电所低压母线第n页西南交通大学博士研究生学位论文上并联电容补偿装置对变压器差动保护动作行为影响和外部原因引起变压器差动保护误动，证明了电流差动保护的固有缺陷;建立了两种特殊接线的三相一两相牵引变压器一SCOTT平衡变压器和阻抗匹配平衡变压器的电压平衡方程;以此为基础，提出了基于模型的三相一两相平衡变压器保护原理、动作特性与动作方程;研究了基于模型的三相一两相平衡变压器保护的整定原则与计算公式;对 SCOTT平衡变压器进行了仿真试验，验证了基于模型的平衡变压器保护原理、动作方程、整定计算原则的正确性。 关于变压器绕组变形在线监测，变压器绕组变形是变压器的故障隐患之一，针对不同接线型式的牵引变压器，提出了基于在线监测短路电抗的变压器绕组变形在线监测原理，通过数字仿真，验证了所提原理的正确性与可行性。关挂词:高速铁路;电气化铁路:牵引供电系统;馈线保护;变压器保护更多还原

【Abstract】 High Speed Railway (HSR) is not new in the world, but it is planed out at present in China. It is certain that HSR will be constructed in China in the near future. As a start of Chinese HSR construction, the Qinhuangdao-Shenyang high-speed railway special for passenger transport has been constructed. The Middle and Long Term Plan of Chinese Railway Network describes that: High-speed passenger-transport lines (HSPTL) between provincial capitals as well as large or middle cities should be built, and four HSPTLs across China from eastern to western side and four HSPTLs from southern to northern side as well as three high-speed passenger-transport systems between cities are to be constructed before 2020.The experiences from regular speed railway indicates that the fault ratios of power supply networks and traction transformers in China are higher than other countries and the wrong operation of protective devices often occurs in Chinese power supply systems by reason of the technical and management levels. The foreign advanced techniques can certainly be adopted to service Chinese railway, but the dependence on foreign techniques can not satisfy our needs for railway transport, especially HSR transport. The purpose of this paper is to systematically study the protective principles of feeder and transformer in traction power supply systems of HSR and to resolve some technical problems for the construction of Chinese HSR and to improve the present protective principles, its functions and reliability.On the basis of analyzing the load characteristics, fault features of traction power supply systems, and the operation behaviors of conventional feeder protection, three novel protective principles are proposed. They are three-zone adaptive distance protective principle and adaptive current increment protective principle which are automatically adjusted by total harmonic ratio (THR) in feeder current, as well as adaptive voltage increment protective principle for wrong-phase fault automatically controlled by THR in wrong-phase fault voltage. The results of field operation and digital simulations indicate the correctness of these principles.The coupling voltage characteristics for transient and permanent faults indouble-end fed electric railway are analyzed in detail. As the fault occurs, the voltage of faulted feeder is determined by the electrostatic and electromagnetic coupling from the un-faulted feeder. In the case of transient fault, the steady voltage includes the voltage due to capacitive and inductive coupling. In the case of permanent fault, the steady voltage includes the inductive coupling voltage only. Based on the coupling voltage characteristics, a novel coupling-voltage-based adaptive fault identification principle is presented. The simulation results show the high identifying sensitivity to transient and permanent faults.The optimal operation equation for impedance match balanced transformer is studied. For every three-phase to two-phase or four-phase balanced transformer, except impedance match balanced transformer, the same transformation relation between primary and secondary currents is proved. This conclusion is important to study and manage differential protection of three-phase to two-phase or four-phase balanced transformer. To provide theoretical basis for management department, the setting rules are systematically studied and the setting formula are given also.By analyzing the impact of capacitor discharge on operation behavior of differential protection and its mal-operation caused by external factor, the disadvantages of differential protection are discussed. The voltage-balanced equations are proposed for two particular connection transformers - SCOTT and impedance match balanced transformers. Based on the voltage-balanced equations, a novel protective principle, and its operation characteristic and operation equation are proposed, and the setting rules and formula are obtained. As an example, the simulation test is carried out for a 75MVA SCOTT balanced transformer. The simulation results prove that更多还原