【作者】 慕银平；

【导师】 唐小我；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 随着经济一体化浪潮的不断高涨，企业集团逐渐成为经济大舞台上的一颗璀璨的明珠，充当了重要的生产者和组织者的角色。同时由于我国成为世界贸易组织的成员国，众多的企业集团将进入我国市场，给我国带来最为直接的挑战和机遇。我国也正在积极组建自己的大型企业集团参与国际竞争。然而，我国在企业集团的组建过程中，过多地存在着非经济因素和非市场行为，以至出现了较为普遍的企业规模的盲目扩张、组织形式而非机制的转换，从而造成了一系列治理上的难题。其中，一个十分突出的问题就是滥用和误用转移定价问题。滥用和误用转移定价的影响十分广泛。从集团外部看，滥用和误用转移定价与盈余操纵密切相关，导致信号的错误传递，不可避免地误导投资者、债权人和一般公众，造成资源的错误配置。从集团内部看，由于信号的错误传递，必然导致企业集团内部管理方面的一系列问题，致使业绩评价有失偏颇，激励和约束机制难以发挥应有的作用，呈现管理上的低效率。因此，制定恰当的转移定价机制是企业集团建立和发展的一个重要内容。 国内外关于转移定价机制从理论和实证两方面进行了大量的研究，也提出了一些重要的理论和方法。然而，这些方法主要是基于不存在中间产品市场、存在完全竞争的中间产品市场、生产单一终端产品和中间产品不存在库存管理成本等假设前提下得出的，因而只适用于特定的市场结构、特定的企业生产及订货模式下的定价决策。本论文在现有研究成果的基础上，逐步放松假设条件，并结合现实企业集团的内外部组织环境，分别针对存在完全垄断的中间产品市场、存在寡头垄断的中间产品市场、生产两种终端产品以及存在中间产品库存管理成本等问题，对企业集团转移定价方法进行了进一步的研究。 本论文主要从以下几个方面对企业集团转移定价问题进行了研究： 1．分析了存在中间产品垄断外部市场的集团转移定价问题。针第11页西南交通大学博士研究生学位论文对现有研究大都假定存在完全竞争的中间产品外部市场或不存在中间产品外部市场的局限性，分析了存在完全垄断外部市场的中间产品转移定价策略。通过引入一般产品定价理论中三度价格歧视的思想，提出了歧视转移定价法。分别从信息对称和信息不对称两方面出发，讨论了歧视转移定价法的优劣，并与单一转移定价法和边际成本转移定价法进行比较，得出歧视转移定价策略较边际成本定价策略完全保留了上游子企业的决策自主权，避免了代理成本，而较单一转移定价策略，使上游子企业获取了更多的消费者剩余，增加了企业集团的整体利润。 2.分析了存在中间产品寡头竞争外部市场的竞争性集团转移定价问题。在充分考虑现实企业存在的外部竞争性环境对内部转移定价决策影响的基础上，分别从不同的最终产品市场竞争形式(价格竞争、产量竞争、不对称竞争)出发，分析了存在寡头竞争中间产品外部市场的企业集团转移定价决策机制。 3.分析了两种产品企业集团的转移定价决策问题。得出生产两种最终产品的企业集团，最优转移定价策略应随着最终产品之间相互关系的不同而有所差异。当最终产品之间为互补关系时，转移价格应小于中间产品的边际成本;当最终产品之间完全独立时，转移价格应等于中间产品的边际成本;当最终产品之间为替代关系时，转移价格应大于中间产品的边际成本，并且随着替代关系的不断增强，转移价格应不断提高。 4.分析了存在库存管理成本的集团转移定价问题。在考虑库存持有成本、订货成本、订单处理成本以及启动成本的基础上，研究得出集团最优转移定价策略与集团最终产品的市场需求量或生产总部的生产能力有关。当最终产品的市场需求量或生产总部的生产能力满足一定的临界值时，对于存在竞争性下游子公司的单一企业集团，提供给一个子公司的最优转移价格为针对该子公司的边际成本与另一子公司最终产品的利润加成。对于寡头竞争的多集团来说，最优转移价格为集团的中间产品边际成本与最终产品利润的加成。加成比例取决于最终产品市场的竞争强度。 5.分析了不同类型的企业集团适用的转移定价策略。根据企业集团内部分权化程度和外部竞争性程度将企业划分为集中型、协作西南交通大学博士研究生学位论文第l曰页亚不事蔽斥万敲型四种组织形式。并根据每一类型组织的结构特旺，发展战略方向，分析了适用的转移定价决策方法。得出集中型组织形式适用边际成本转移定价法和变动成本转移定价法;协作型组织形式适用市场基础转移定价法、协议转移定价法、双重转移定价法和歧视转移定价法;合作型组织形式适用实际成本转移定价法、标准成本转移定价法和标准成本加成转移定价法;分散型组织形式为协作型组织和合作型组织的混合结构，因此，适用的转移定价方法应根据企业的具体内外部环境、战略发展目标，在协作型组织和合作型组织适用的转移定价方法中选取。关键词:企业集团;中间产品;转移定价;库存管理更多还原

【Abstract】 With increasing economic integration, Enterprise Group plays a more and more important role on the economic stage, not only as Producer, but also as Organizer. Meanwhile, as a result of China’s accession to WTO, more and more enterprises are targeting Chinese domestic markets, which bring challenges as well as opportunities. In response to the situation, many Chinese enterprises are seeking to enlarge their scales to establish Enterprise Groups. However, during these processes, there are lots of non-economic factors and non-market behaviors involved in; there are even some enlargement and structure reform which are undertaken only for the sake of scale. Hence, a lot of problems are looming large in the management of enterprises. Among all the problems, the most significant one is the excessive use or misuse of transfer pricing, which can cause serious effects. Externally, the excessive use or misuse of transfer pricing may pass false signals to shareholders, creditors and the public, therefore misleading their decisions on resources distribution; while internally, it can give rise to a series of problems in management, such as unjust evaluation of working performances and inefficiency of the stimulation system. Thus, a proper and effective transfer pricing system is one of the important concerns in the establishment and development of Enterprise Group.A lot of research on transfer pricing system has been carrying out on both theoretical and practical level worldwide, and a few important theories and solutions have been put up. As a result of quantitative studies, some useful methods have been developed in transfer pricing. However, since these methods are developed under strict assumptions as ’no intermediate products’ or ’on perfect competitive market’, they can only apply to certain enterprises within certain market structures. This thesis, which was based on the previous research results, madesome improvements to the existing methods, and also proposed some new methods in transfer pricing system under more general assumptions.Studies and investigations are made in this thesis from the following aspects:1. Analysis on transfer-pricing strategy under the condition that intermediate products exist on the external market. In order to make general the assumption that intermediate products don’t exist on external market or exist on a perfect competitive market, this thesis puts forward the discriminating transfer pricing strategy based on third-degree price discrimination theory. Some discussion is made on discriminating transfer pricing strategy under the cases of symmetric information and asymmetric information respectively. By comparing discriminating transfer pricing with the uniform transfer pricing and marginal cost transfer pricing, the thesis points out that discriminating transfer pricing strategy is superior to other pricing strategies, and can improve the total profit of enterprise.2. Analysis on transfer-pricing strategy in duopolistic market. The thesis makes some investigation into decision-making system of enterprise transfer pricing under duopolistic market. In its analysis, the thesis takes into consideration the effect of external environment to pricing-decision as a crucial factor by studying the competition form of final product market. E.g. price competition, quantity competition and asymmetric competition3. Analysis on transfer-pricing strategy for two products divisional enterprises. The thesis points out that optimal transfer pricing strategy may change with the variety of the final products. When final products are complementary to one and another, transfer price should be less than marginal cost of intermediate goods. If final products are independent, transfer price should be equal to marginal cost of intermediate goods; when final products are substitutable, transfer price should be higher than marginal cost of intermediate goods, andthe transfer price may incr更多还原