【作者】 郭艳丽；

【导师】 郝正里；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 草业科学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 本论文研究了苜蓿在不同生育期的果胶含量、变化规律及与其它营养成分之间的相互关系；并分别研究了以高果胶饲料苜蓿和甜菜渣为主要组分的饲粮以及饲粮的不同加工处理方法对育肥羔羊和杂种羯羊的生产性能、瘤胃和血液代谢参数的影响。论文共包括三个试验。 试验一：不同生育期和不同品种苜蓿的果胶含量及与其它营养成分间的相互关系。选择陇东、新疆大叶、L173、Derby 和 Super7 五个苜蓿品种，采用 4×5 两因子设计，研究了不同生育期（营养期、孕蕾期、开花初期、开花盛期）和不同品种苜蓿中的果胶含量及与干物质（DM）、有机物质（OM）、粗蛋白质（CP）、粗纤维（CF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、酸性洗涤木质素（ADL）、钙和磷等含量的相互关系。结果表明：(1)随着苜蓿生育期的推移，果胶的含量逐渐降低，表现出与粗蛋白质相似的变化规律；五个品种平均（DM 基础），营养期、孕蕾期、开花初期和开花盛期的果胶含量分别为 11.2％、9.23％、9.07％和 8.28％；与 DM、OM、CF、NDF、ADF 和ADL 含量逐渐升高的规律恰好相反。 (2) 苜蓿中果胶含量与其它各养分含量间存在显著相关关系。与 CP（r=0.952,P=0.048）呈显著正相关关系；与 DM（r=-0.865,P=0.135）、OM（r=-0.961,P=0.039）、CF（r=-0.943,P=0.057）、NDF（r=-0.855,P=0.115）、ADF（r=-0.888,P=0.112）和 ADL（r=-0.940,P=0.060）等呈负相关关系。（3）不同品种苜蓿间果胶及其它各养分含量（四个生育期平均，DM 基础，下同）存在显著差异，Super7的果胶含量显著高于 L173（P<0.05）；陇东苜蓿的 CP 含量显著高于新疆大叶、Super 7和 L173（P<0.05）；Derby 的粗纤维含量显著高于 Super 7（P<0.01）、L173（P<0.05）和新疆大叶（P<0.05），NDF 含量显著高于 Super 7（P<0.05）；而 Super 7 的 ADF 含量显著低于其它四个品种（P<0.05）； Super 7 的钙含量高于其它四个品种（P<0.05）；品种间磷含量无显著差异（P>0.05）。 试验二：不同果胶含量的全混合饲粮对羔羊生产性能、瘤胃和血液代谢参数的影响。选用 32 只 3～3.5 月龄的波德代（♂）×蒙古羊（♀）和陶赛特（♂）×蒙古羊 1<WP=5>甘肃农业大学博士论文（2004）（♀）的杂交一代羔羊，按同质原则分为 4 个处理组，采用 2×2×2 三因子设计，研究了两个营养水平下（高，0.9NRC；低，0.8NRC），果胶含量不同的全混合饲粮（TMR）对两种杂交组合羔羊的生产性能、瘤胃代谢参数和血清尿素氮的影响。试验包括 15天预试期和 80 天正试期。结果表明：（1） 营养水平、饲粮类型、羔羊杂交组合及其交互作用对试羊的平均日增重（ADG）未呈现显著影响（P>0.05），四个处理组的 ADG依次为 243.2g、228.3g、241.8g 和 237.0g。（2）羔羊的平均日采食量（ADFI）、饲料转化比（FCR）、瘤胃液 pH 值和瘤胃液尿素氮含量在两营养水平间差异显著，低营养水平组的 ADFI（P＝0）、瘤胃液 pH 值（P＝0.034）和瘤胃液尿素氮（P＝0.041）显著较高；高营养水平组的 FCR（P＝0）较好；(3) 营养水平和饲粮类型的互作显著影响瘤胃液 pH 值。其中，高营养水平低果胶组的 pH 值较高，低营养水平高果胶组的 pH 值较高；营养水平、饲粮类型对羔羊瘤胃液 NH3-N 与蛋白氮浓度未呈现显著影响（P>0.05），但瘤胃液蛋白氮浓度有低营养水平组和高果胶饲粮组较好的趋势（P=0.284 和P=0.219） (3)观测到营养水平、饲粮类型及羊杂交组合间对 FCR 产生了互作（P＝0.031）。 本试验结果提示，两个营养水平下羔羊的增重效果相同，但高营养水平组的 FCR好；0.9NRC 水平组的瘤胃液 pH 值较低；果胶对瘤胃液 pH 值的调控作用受饲粮中果胶及果胶与淀粉间数量关系的影响；高果胶饲料甜菜渣取代饲粮中小麦用于肉用羔羊肥育有良好效果；本试验条件下，两杂交组合羔羊的育肥效果相同。 试验三：饲粮的加工处理方法对绵羊瘤胃和血液代谢参数的影响。选用 3 只平均体重为 24kg，年龄约 1.5 岁，安装有永久瘤胃瘘管的杂种羯羊，采用 3×3 拉丁方设计，研究三种方法加工处理下，饲料组分相同的饲粮对绵羊瘤胃代谢参数及血清尿素氮的影响。饲养水平为 1.5 倍维持需要。选择试验二的饲粮配方 1（即 A1B1 组），三种加工处理方法分别为全混合饲粮颗粒料（即试验二的 A1B1 料；与后两组料的精料同时饲喂）、粉碎精料（精料粉碎后与苜蓿颗粒混合，玉米秸、小麦秸铡短；先喂玉米秸和小麦秸，30min 后在剩余秸秆中加入适量水拌入粉碎精料与苜蓿颗粒）和未粉碎精料（精料不粉碎与苜蓿颗粒混合，玉米秸、小麦秸铡短；先喂玉米秸和小麦秸，30min后加入未粉碎精料与苜蓿颗粒并混合）。结果表明，饲粮的三种不同加工处理对所有瘤胃液指标和血清尿素氮含量均无显著影响（P<0.05）。但综合各项指标的变化规律可以看出，绵羊生产中不宜使用粉碎过细的精料；在我国现阶段的绵羊生产中，尚不能普遍推行全混合饲粮的情况下，原精料加铡短粗料的加工处理方法比较适宜。与试验二更多还原

【Abstract】 The pectin content and its variational regularity of alfalfa in different growth stage andthe relationship between pectin and other nutrients were studied at first. Then twoexperiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of diets with pectin-feed (alfalfa andsugar beet pulp) or in different processing ways on growing performance, rumen and bloodmetabolic parameters of sheep. Experiment 1: Pectin content and the relationship between pectin and other nutrients ofalfalfa of different variety in different growth stage. Five variety(Longdong alfalfa,Xinjiangdaye, L173, Derby and Super7) of alfalfa and four growth stages (vegetation stage,bud stage, early blooming and full blooming) of each variety were used to evaluate thepectin contents and relationship of pectin and dry matter(DM), organic matter(OM), crudeprotein(CP), crude fiber(CF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF), aciddetergent lignin(ADL), calcium(Ca), phosphors(P). A 4×5 factorial arrangement oftreatments was adopted in the experiment. The results are as follows: (1) along with thegrowing of alfalfa, the pectin content decreased gradually, and presented the similar regularchanges with CP. The mean pectin contents of five variety in the vegetation stage, budstage, early blooming and full blooming were 11.2％, 9.23％, 9.07％ and 8.28％respectively. On the contrary, the contents of DM、OM、CF、NDF、ADF and ADLincreased gradually. (2) there appeared significant correlation between pectin and othernutrients. Positive correlation was presented between pectin and crude protein(r=0.952,P=0.048). And negative correlation was existed between pectin and DM(r=-0.865,P=0.135),OM(r=-0.961, P=0.039), CF(r=-0.943, P=0.057), NDF(r=-0.855, P=0.115),ADF(r=-0.888, P=0.112), ADL(r=-0.940, P=0.060). (3）the content of pectin and othernutrients (DM basis) of five varitey were different significantly, pectin content of Super7 4<WP=8>甘肃农业大学博士论文（2004）was higher than that of L173(P<0.05)；CP content of Longdong alfalfa was higher than thatof Xinjiandaye, Super7 and L173；Based on the DM, CF content of Derby was higher thanthat of Super7(P<0.01), L173(P<0.05) and Xinjiandaye(P<0.05), NDF of which was higherthan that of Super 7(P<0.05)；ADF of Super7 was lower than that of other fourvariety(P<0.05)；Ca of Super7 was higher than that of other four variety(P<0.05)，there wasno significant difference for P among variety(P>0.05)。 Experiment 2：Effects of total mixed rations with different pectin content on growingperformance, rumen and blood metabolic parameters of lambs. This study was carried out toinvestigate the effect of pelleted total mixed rations with different pectin content(high pectingroup: pectin came from alfalfa and sugar beet pulp; low pectin group: pectin came fromalfalfa) under 0.9NRC-or 0.8NRC level on the growing performance, rumen metabolicparameters and the content of serum urea nitrogen of lambs. A 3×3×3 factorialarrangement of treatments was adopted in the experiment. Thirty-two crossbredlambs(average body weight was about 15kg) of 3～3.5 month old Borderdale(♂)×Mongoliasheep(♀)and Dorset Down(♂)×Mongolia sheep(♀) were allotted at random(eight pertreatment) to four rations. The feeding trial was lasted for 95 days, including preliminarytrial period (15 days) and test period(80 days). The results showed that: (1) the nutritionallevel, dietary type, lamb crossbred and the interaction of which had no significant influenceon the average daily gain (ADG) of lambs(P>0.05). The ADG of lambs in four groups were243.2g, 228.3g, 241.8g and 237.0g respectively. (2) the average daily feed intake(ADFI),the feed conversion ratio(FCR), ruminal pH and content of urea nitrogen of rumen fluidwere different significantly between two nutritional level. ADFI(P＝0), pH(P＝0.034) andurea nitrogen(P＝0.041)of rumen fluid in 0.8NRC groups were higher than that in 0.9NRCgroups. But FCR was better in 0.9NR更多还原