节点文献
金等离子体平均电荷分布的第一原理方法和DTO的势能函数与分子反应动力学
【作者】 朱志艳;
【导师】 朱正和;
【作者基本信息】 四川大学 , 原子与分子物理, 2004, 博士
【摘要】 本文由两部分组成:第一部分采用第一原理方法研究了激光金等离子体内的电荷态分布、平均电离度以及电荷态分布和平均电离度随体系电子温度和电子密度的变化;第二部分研究了基态DTO分子的分析势能函数与分子反应动力学过程。 第一部分 金等离子体平均电荷分布的第一原理方法 根据扩展的全相对论多组态Dirac-Fock理论,采用“多功能相对论原子结构程序GRASP2(General-Purpose Relativistic Atomic Structure Program 2,1992)”,考虑量子电动力学(QED)效应和Brcit修正,结合惯性约束聚变(ICF)实验室等离子体中已经观察到的激光照射Au元素所产生的一些多重电荷态离子(Au48+~Au52+)的3d-4p、3d-4f、3d-5p、3p-4s、3p-4d和3p-5d的外壳层共振线跃迁光谱,选取包含上述几类跃迁的重要组态,计算激光金等离子体中类镓Au48+~类钴Au52+离子的能级结构、光谱跃迁波长、跃迁几率、振子强度、能级寿命、能级宽度和离子平均寿命。计算所得波长值与实验值符合较好,能级寿命与能级宽度的大小关系符合海森堡的能量与时间测不准原理,离子平均寿命为10-2ps量级。 由离子平均寿命,获得了Au48+~Au51+离子的一阶电离速率常数ki。根据能级结构和简并度,用统计热力学方法计算不同温度下Au48+~Au52+离子的电子配分函数和这五种离子间的电离与复合反应平衡常数。随体系温度的升高,电离—复合平衡常数增大。 本文提出求解Au等离子体内电荷态分布和平均电离度的离化动力学、离化复合动力学理论方法,即以离子的能级寿命、离子寿命和电离与复合平衡常数为基础数据,利用连续不可逆反应和连续可逆反应的动力学方法求解这五种离子间的连续不可逆电离过程的微分方程组和连续可逆电离—复合反应的微分方程组,导出在一定电子温度和电子密度下,某一时刻金等离子体内各离子态的分布和平均电离度,并根据连串反应同时达到平衡的理论,由平衡常数计算金等离子体内电离与复合反应同时发生,达到平衡时各离子的相对分布。研究体系电子温度、电子密度和压力对金等离子体内电荷态分布的影响。计算采用四川大学博士学位论文一般ICF实验中的电子温度、电子密度和压力的范围,即电子温度为40}Z000ev,电子密度为10’8lo26em.3,压力为lo6lo7atm。 研究结果表明:当电子温度一定,Au月8十Aus2+离子间的电离复合过程同时达到平衡时,A矿卜、Au4势、Au5O+、A矿’+和A矿2+离子的相对分布依次减小.随体系电子温度的升高,等离子体内的电离与复合平衡右移。电子密度和系统内压力的增加,均导致平衡左移。因此,在等离子体的高温低密区,电离为主要过程,而在低温高密区,复合过程起主要作用.在指定时刻,电荷态分布在A矿少与Au办离子之间出现峰值,平均电离度为48.7-50.2,与美国La切侧既IceLivermore实验室的实验与理论模拟结果49.3切.5和50.5符合较好。当电子密度一定时,随体系电子温度的升高,分布的峰值右移,平均电离度增加。当电子温度一定时,在高密低温区,电荷态分布随电子密度的变化很敏感,电子密度升高,低电离态离子的分布迅速增加,平均电离度减小,而在低密商沮区,分布几乎不随电子密度的变化而变化。 第二部分DTO的势能函数与分子反应动力学 采用量子力学中密度泛函口盯B3P86方法,应用Gaussian98W程序,对基态DTo的分析势能函数进行计算。根据势能函数研究D+OT、T十OD和O+DT体系的准经典分子反应动力学过程. 计算了DTo分子的几何和力学性质.从原子分子反应静力学和群论出发,根据分子电子状态构造原理和微观过程的可逆性原理,导出了OD‘、oT、DT和DTO分子的合理离解极限。 由OD、OT和DT分子的光谱数据,用逆向反演法得到了OD、OT和DT分子的基态以及OD和oT分子第一激发态的力常量与Mn一Sorbie势能函数的解析表达式,其中对OT分子的光谱数据,由同位素效应近似计算获得。应用多体项展式理论以及从头计算得到的三原子分子的几何结构和力学性质,研究得到了基态DTO分子的三维分析势能函数的解析表达式,绘出其等值势能面图。等值势能面图正确反映了DTO分子的平衡构型及动力学特征。 在导出的势能函数基础上,采用准经典的Monie一Carfo轨线法,研究了D(2勾+oT(A2扩)、T(2Sg汁。以扩x+)和o(勿公+DT详,动的碰撞过程。动力学研究结果表明:D+OT、T+OD和0+DT均是有较小阐能的反应。反应D+OT一Dl,0四川大学博士学位论文的阐能比反应T十OD*DTO的阐能略小,这与DTO分子的势能曲线中鞍点的特征一致。当初始平动能较低时,生成产物基本是DTO络合物。随初始平动能的增加,D+OT先生成0+DT再生成T+OD,T+OD先生成O+DT再生成D+OT,O+DT先生成D+OT再生成T+OD。关键词:金等离子体Au’8+ Au4卜Au沁Arl+ Au犯+能级寿命能级宽度离子平均寿命配分函数平衡常数离化动力学统计热力学离化复合动力学电荷态分布平均电离度OD OT DT DTO离解极限从头计算分子结构势能函数电子状态多体项展式理论方法准经典Monte一Carlo轨线法
【Abstract】 There are two parts in this theme. Part one includes the studies of the charge state distribution, average charge and the quantitative influence on average charge by electron temperature and electron density of Au plasma from the first-principles theory. Part two is about the researches of the analytic potential function and molecular reaction dynamic processes of DTO.1. The first-principles theory for the charge state distribution of Au plasmaThe results of inertia confinement fusion (ICF) experiment indicate that the spectra of laser Au plasma are mostly the transitions of 3d-4p, 3d-4f, 3d-5p, 3p-4s, 3p-4d and 3p-5d of Au48+-Au52+. Using the extended relativistic multi-configuration Dirac-Fock theory and the General-Purpose Relativistic Atomic Structure Program 2(GRASP2) with quantum electrodynamical effect (QED) and Breit correction, we calculate the energy level structures, wavelengths, probabilities, oscillator strengths, level lifetimes, level widths and average ionic lifetimes of Au48+~Au52+ taking the transitions mentioned above into consideration. The wavelengths obtained are in good agreement with the experimental data available. The relationship between the level lifetimes and the level widths satisfies the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. The average ionic lifetime is about 10-2 ps.The first-order ionization rate constants of Au48+~Au51+ are obtained from their average ionic lifetimes. Based on energy level structures and degeneracy, the partition function, equilibrium constant and second-order recombination rate constants of Au48+-Au52+ at different temperature are derived by statistical thermodynamics. The ionization-recombination equilibrium constants increase with temperature.The present work proposes ionization dynamics and kinetics of ionization-recombination to derive the ionic charge state distribution of Au plasma. Based on level lifetimes and ionic average lifetimes of ions and ionization-recombination equilibrium constants, from the solution of differential equations for consecutive-irreversible ionization reactions and consecutive-reversible ionization-recombination reactions, it will be able to derive out the ionic charge state distribution and its average charge at certain time and different temperature. We do not only give the average charge, but also derive the quantitative influence on average charge byelectron temperature and electron density. The equilibrium distribution of Au48+to Au52+ in Au plasma is obtained from the theory of simultaneous reactions. The calculational conditions of Au plasma are chose as electron temperature re=400-2000eV, electron density De=1018-10 ~26cm-3 and pressure of system P=106-107atm of ICF experimentThe equilibrium distributions of Au48+, Au49+, Au50+, Au51+ and Au52+ in Au plasma decrease in turn. The ionization is the main process in high temperature and low density plasma and in low temperature and high density plasma, the recombination process can not be neglected. At certain time, the maximum of distribution is between Au49+ and Au50+ and its average charge is about 48.7-50.2, which is in good agreement with the experimental result of Livennore Laboratory 49.3 0.5 and 50.5. At a given electron density, the percentage of low charge ion will decrease with Te, and that of high charge ion will increase with Tg. At a given electron temperature, the higher the electron density, the higher the collision probability, which will promote the recombination process. Therefore, the high charge ion will decrease with De, and low charge ion will increase with De. However, the variation of distribution of Au ions is insignificant in case of low De.2. The potential function and molecular reaction dynamics of DTOThe analytic potential energy function for the ground state of DTO has been calculated by the density functional Becke 3P86 method using the Gaussian98W program. The atomic and molecular reaction dynamic processes for the reaction systems of D+OT, T+OD and O+DT have been studied based on the present potential energy function.The reasonable dissociation limits
【Key words】 Au plasma; Au48+; Au49+; Au50+; Au51+; Au52+; level lifetime; level width; average ionic lifetime; partition function; equilibrium constant; ionization dynamics; statistical thermodynamics; ionization-recombination dynamics; charge state distribution; average charge; OD; OT; DT; DTO; dissociation limits; ab initio; molecular structure; potential energy function; electronic state; many-body expansion method; Monte-Carlo; quasi-classical trajectory approach; molecular reaction dynamic;